Course Profile   World History to the Sixteenth Century, Grade 11, University/College Preparation, Catholic and Public

 

Unit 3:  Mediterranean World – From the Rise of the Hellenes to the Fall of the Romans

Time:  22 hours

 

Activity 3.1 | Activity 3.2 | Activity 3.3 | Activity 3.4 | Activity 3.5 | Activity 3.6 | Activity 3.7 | Activity 3.8 | Activity 3.9 | Activity 3.10

Unit Description

Students examine the Classical Civilizations of Greece and Rome. Students study the early Minoan civilization on Crete and conclude with the fall of the Roman Empire. The theme of legacies is the focus once again as students examine the debt the modern world owes to the Greeks and Romans. Students use visual evidence to form theories to explain the unique differences between Athens and Sparta. Through the research of primary documents, students connect the causes with the effects for both the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. Students follow the conquests of Alexander the Great and assess the resultant spread of Greek culture. Next, students investigate Rome from its beginnings on the Tiber, to the Republic, then to the Pax Romana. Students use a multimedia approach to present the wars of expansion, the resulting conflict, the Punic Wars and their repercussions. Students study the rise of Christianity, and as a result, they develop an appreciation for the way religion can influence a society. After investigating Roman daily life, their accomplishments, and political developments, students examine the heritage of Rome in today’s society. The culminating activity is a Great Leader debate and an optional banquet. At the completion of this unit, students determine which influences of the Greco-Roman civilizations are to be added to the Legacy and Global Connections sections of their Folder as well as work on their Unit 6 Culminating Activity.

Unit Synopsis Chart

Activity

Time

Expectations

Assessment

Activity/Tasks

3.1: The Path to Discovery

80 min

COV.01, CO1.02, COV.02, CO2.02, CHV.02, CH2.04, CGE1e, 2b

T/I

C

Map Study Geographic Influences

Use maps and discuss how geography may have influenced individual city states. Use visual evidence and facts to prove theories about Minoan and Mycenean civilizations.

3.2: On the Road to Democracy

160 min

CHV.01, CH1.01, CH1.02, SEV.03, SE3.02, CGE7e

K/U

T/I

A

C

The Evolution of Government

Review and define different types of government. Research and explain contributions of; Draco, Solon, Peisistratus, and Cleisthenes.

3.3: Life in Athens and Sparta

180 min

COV.01, CO1.03, COV.03, CO3.02, CCV.03, CC3.03, CHV.03, CH3.03, CGE1d, 1i

K/U

T/I

C

Greek City States

Compare the two main powers in Greece during 5th C BCE; Athens and Sparta.

Analysing Cause and Effect

Identify the causes and effects of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars.

3.4: The Athens Advisor

160 min

CHV.03, CH3.04, HIV.03, HI3.01, HIV.04, HI4.02, HI4.04, CGE3d

K/U

A

C

Historical Newspaper

Produce an article of a newspaper published in democratic Athens. Add to Legacy Folder.

3.5: The Spread of Hellenism

160 min

CCV.01, CC1.01, CHV.02, CH2.01, CHV.03, CH3.01, HIV.01, HI1.02, HIV.04, HI4.01, CGE4e, 5f

K/U

T/I

A

C

Travel Journal

Map the route of Alexander the Great and the spread of Hellenistic culture. After studying his battles and conquests students prepare either a written or visual travel log of all his experiences.

3.6: Rome’s Struggle for Power

80 min

HIV.01, HI1.03, HIV.03, HI3.01, CGE3c

K/U

C

Categorizing Facts - Small groups review the information about the three Punic Wars. Chart similarities and differences. Display in classroom.

3.7: Changes in Roman Government

100 min

CCV.02, CC2.02, CHV.03, CH3.04, SEV.03, SE3.01, SE3.02, SE3.03, CGE3f

K/U

T/I

The Republic - Law Codes

Compare the Twelve Tables of the Tribunes to Hammurabi’s Code.

Pax Romana and Rise of Christianity

Map the spread of Christianity. Contributions of Constantine. Add to “Legacy Folder”.

Research a Roman emperor. Write an obituary.

3.8: Roman Daily Life

160 min

COV.01, CO1.02, COV.03, CO3.01, CHV.03, CH3.04, SEV.01, SE1.03, CGE2e

K/U

A

C

Jigsaw

Small groups research a different aspect of everyday Roman life, then share their area of expertise as the others take notes. Add to Legacy Folder.

3.9: End of an Era

80 min

SEV.01, SE1.02, SEV.02, SE2.02, SEV.03, SE3.04, HIV.02, HI2.01, HI2.03, CGE7d

K/U

T/I

C

Fall of the Roman Empire

Using primary sources, students distinguish fact, opinion, biased information and reliability of sources after reading Histories of Ammianus Marcellinus 378 CE.

3.10: Culminating Activity

160 min

CHV.01, CH1.02, SEV.03, SE3.04, HIV.04, HI4.03, CGE6c, 7a

K/U

T/I

A

C

Debate leadership of Alexander the Great, Hannibal, and Julius Caesar.

Who was the greatest leader?

Consider lasting influences and add to “Legacy Folder”. Make Global Connections on bulletin board.

Guide to Assessment and Evaluation Abbreviations

K/U      Knowledge and Understanding

A         Application

T/I        Thinking and Inquiry

C          Communication

Activity 3.1:  The Path to Discovery

Time:  80 minutes

Description

Students begin the study of classical civilizations by applying their knowledge of geographic factors that influence societies and apply the criteria of civilization to the Aegean. Through map analysis, students identify the reasons for the individuality of particular societies. Students also learn about the early civilizations in the Aegean by using visual evidence of the Palace of Knossos as well as primary documents such as Homer’s description of Mycenae. Using these tools, students form and support their theories about Aegean civilizations.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Communities: Characteristics, Development, and Interaction; Citizenship and Heritage

Overall Expectations

COV.01 - demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics of a variety of communities from prehistory to the sixteenth century;

COV.02 - demonstrate an understanding of the development of different forms of communities from prehistory to the sixteenth century;

CHV.02 - evaluate the contributions of selected individuals and groups to the development of artistic, intellectual, and religious traditions.

Specific Expectations

CO1.02 - identify the factors that tend to differentiate societies;

CO2.02 - identify, through analysis, the reasons for the predominance of particular societies;

CH2.04 - evaluate the role and importance of a variety of legends, myths, and traditions in the context of the diverse communities that produced them.

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE1e - speaks the language of life...“recognizing that life is an unearned gift and that a person entrusted with life does not own it but that one is called to protect and cherish it” (Witnesses to Faith);

CGE2b - reads, understands, and uses written materials effectively.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

Students should be familiar with criteria for civilizations from Unit 2. Students have experience with mapping skills from Grade 9 Geography. They need instruction on how to form hypotheses using visual evidence. Make students aware of the assessment rubric for the report.

Planning Notes

·         The teacher may need to reproduce maps, locate pictures of the Palace of Knossos in travel brochures or posters or book the computer lab and preview the websites listed in Resources.

·         Locate myth of the Minotaur and legend of Trojan War.

·         Share the evaluation criteria for group work and news report with the class in advance.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   Investigate factors affecting the development of communities and reflect a call to promote social justice.

2.   The teacher reviews geographic factors that influenced the development of civilizations in other areas.

3.   With a partner, students analyse these geographic characteristics in the Aegean as well as look for other factors not used in previous studies; (mountains separating city states, extensive coastline); hypothesize how they might play a part in the formation of unique and individual city states.

4.   Students record their theories, then scan textbook to see if their theories hold. Discuss.

5.   The teacher should record the points on the board as a summary for this activity.

6.   Locate the island of Crete, and the cities of Knossos, Mycenae, and Troy on the map. Discuss the importance of legends such as the Iliad and the Odyssey (e.g., influence on Heinrich Schliemann).

7.   The teacher reviews the myth of the Minotaur and legend of the Trojan War.

8.   Students are placed in small groups to examine the visual evidence, either Internet or pictures.

9.   Students discuss and write down their theories along with visual proof to support theories, (e.g., enjoyed life, prosperous, Minoans had an impact on Achaeans, influenced by the sea, an important historical find).

10.  Each group takes turns sharing findings with the class. List important points on overhead acetate.

11.  For enrichment, students pretend that they are junior archaeologists/reporters that accompany Sir Arthur Evans as he excavates the Palace of Knossos or Heinrich Schliemann in his search for Troy. Write a report, which includes the steps involved in the digs, clues that led them to the site, possible difficulties they encountered, the first glimpse, and their reaction to their discovery. (Public CHC2D Appendix 1.2.1)

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

3,8. Formative assessment of group and individual work (Thinking/Inquiry, Learning Skills; teamwork and initiative).

10.  Formative teacher assessment of group discussion.

Accommodations

·         A numbered map may be helpful to students with visual-spatial difficulties.

·         Provide peer/teacher assistance to research data collection.

·         Provide paired reading for students with reading difficulty.

·         Reduce assignment length (quality not quantity) for students with organization/concentration difficulties.

Resources

Print

Payne, Robert. The Gold of Troy: The Story of Heinrich Schliemann. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1959. LC: 58-01136l.

Pennock, Michael. Catholic Social Teaching: Learning, Living and Social Justice. Notre Dame, Indiana: Ave Maria Press, 2000. ISBN 0-87793-698-4

Websites

Mycenae – http://harpy.uccs.edu/greek/mycenae.html

Palace of Knossos – http://www.bsa.gla.ac.uk/knossos/vrtour/13_1/index.html

Heinrich Schliemann – http://www.myrine.at/Schliema/schlieme.html

Cultural maps of Hellas – http://www.culture.gr/2/21/maps/hellas.html

Video

Lost City of Atlantis & The Search for Atlantis, Lost Civilizations Series. Time-Life, 1998.

 

Activity 3.2:  On the Road to Democracy

Time:  160 minutes

Description

Students learn about the influential political forces which brought about change and how these changes led to democracy in Athens. Specifically, this unit assesses the contributions of selected individuals to the development of legal and political traditions as well as providing an opportunity to understand the diversity and uniqueness of political structures. This activity allows teachers to reinforce Catholic social teaching, which emphasizes care, and compassion towards marginalized people.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Citizenship and Heritage; Legal; Social, Economic, and Political Structures

Overall Expectations

CHV.01 - evaluate the contributions of selected individuals and groups to the development of legal, political, and military traditions;

SEV.03 - demonstrate an understanding of the diversity and uniqueness of political structures throughout the world.

Specific Expectations

CH1.01 - evaluate the contributions of selected individuals and groups to the development of legal traditions in various societies;

CH1.02 - evaluate the contributions of selected individuals and groups to significant political events; SE3.02 - demonstrate an understanding of the factors that influenced the development of various forms of leadership and government.

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE 7e - witnesses Catholic social teaching by promoting equality, democracy, and solidarity for a just, peaceful, and compassionate society.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

In Grade 10 Canadian History, students were made familiar with types of governments, the use of the Internet as a research tool, the school/board policy for Internet use, consequences of misuse, the characteristics of successful role playing, and the essay-writing process.

Planning Notes

·         Prepare definitions of monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, and democracy on a transparency.

·         Check the textbook for information or preview websites and print information.

·         Provide paper for posters.

·         Prepare the evaluation for the presentation.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   The teacher asks for examples of factors which may influence changes at school, then expands this concept to look at the forces of change within a municipality, province, or country.

2.   Have a general discussion on the effects of change in a students’ daily life.

3.   The teacher displays the definitions of the different forms of government (monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, and democracy). Discuss how each one would affect their lives. With which government would they feel more comfortable or content? Why?

4.   The teacher and students discuss the following quotation, “There is no socially and politically neutral theology; in the struggle for life, theology must take sides.” Should the Church speak out on social, economic, and political issues?

5.   Students work in small groups to research one of the following reformers: Draco, Solon, Peisistratus, or Cleisthenes. In their research, students should discover what changes each introduced who was in favour, and who was opposed to the changes and why?

6.   Each group is to present its findings orally to the class via role-playing during an interview. The information is to be recorded on bristol board. These posters can then be displayed to make an informative bulletin board in the classroom.

7.   Students are responsible for taking notes from the presentations regarding the reforms introduced and how they affected Greek civilization.

8.   For homework, students write a paragraph in which they argue the idea that Athenian democracy was (not) truly democratic. How does it compare with today’s idea of democracy? This paragraph is to be added to their Legacy Folders.

9.   The teacher administers a quiz for students to identify the contributions of each reformer.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

5.   Formative assessment (Learning Skills; teamwork and initiative).

6.   Summative evaluation of each student ‘s contribution to the presentation.

8.   Formative assessment of paragraph.

9.   Summative evaluation (Knowledge) of the contributions of each reformer and impact on Athenian society. Quiz to test content obtained from research and presentations.

Accommodations

·         TEXT HELP and Dragon Naturally Speaking voice-activated computer program allows students who are physically challenged to write notes, etc.

·         For ESL students post key words on the board. Frequently review and repeat them.

·         Build opportunities for frequent progress checks.

·         Provide study guide prior to quiz.

Resources

Print

Warner, Rex. Men of Athens. London: Bodley Head Publ. 1972. ISBN: 0370013913

Sign of the Times; Resources for Social Faith. Ottawa: Algar Press, 1981. ISBN 0-88622-027-0

Websites

Athenian Revolution – http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/5935.html

Origins Greek Democracy – http://srd.yahoo.com/srst/15101282/Greek+DEmocracy/1/6/*http

Video

The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization. Discovery Channel, 2000.

 

Activity 3.3:  Life in Athens and Sparta

Time:  180 minutes

Description

Students use the textbook chapters and/or websites to chart the similarities and differences between the two main powers on mainland Greece, Athens and Sparta, which would help explain the diverse reactions to external influences. At the end of this unit, students add the lasting legacies of these cities to their Legacy Folder. By using primary documents by Herodotus, Pericles, and Thucydides to supplement their textbooks, students should determine the causes and effects of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. Students understand that they are called to promote attitudes and values which foster human solidarity and the common good, as outlined in Gospel teachings.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Communities: Characteristics, Development, and Interaction; Citizenship and Heritage; Change and Continuity; Social, Economic, and Political Structures

Overall Expectations

COV.01 - demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics of a variety of communities from prehistory to the sixteenth century;

COV.03 - analyse the interaction between selected societies from prehistory to the sixteenth century; CHV.03 - demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between individuals, groups, and authority in different societies and periods to the sixteenth century;

CCV.03 - demonstrate an understanding of the use and importance of chronology and cause and effect in studying world history before the sixteenth century.

Specific Expectations

CO1.03 - identify the forces that led different peoples to choose their particular forms of social organization;

CO3.02 - demonstrate an understanding of the effects of isolation on a community;

CH3.03 - identify individuals and groups who challenged authority;

CC3.03 - identify cause-and-effect relationships within the chronology of significant historical events.

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE1d - develops attitudes and values founded on Catholic social teaching and acts to promote social responsibility, human solidarity, and the common good;

CGE1i - integrates faith with life.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

In the Grade 10 History course, students gained an understanding of cause-and-effect relationships. Review analytical and inference skills to recognize biases in primary sources.

Planning Notes

Check that the textbook chapters provide enough information on Sparta and Athens; otherwise, additional materials need to be provided (e.g., material on the education of Spartan boys and girls). Copy a map for students to trace the routes of the Persian troops. Locate and print copies of the primary documents or book the computer lab so that students can search the Internet. Prepare a note and test of causes and effects of each of the wars.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   The teacher and students locate Sparta and Athens on the map.

2.   The teacher asks: How do provinces in Canada differ from one another? (e.g., Prairie and Maritime provinces).

3.   What are the differences between Canada and the United States? (For example, gun laws).

4.   The teacher and students use the textbook to read about the education of Athenian boys and girls together. Students begin their comparison of the two city states by reading to discover how the education in Sparta differed.

5.   Students continue to read and chart the other differences under the following headings; social structure, education, role of women, military strengths, economy, government, population, lifestyle, values, and legacies.

6.   As an enrichment activity, students write a paragraph comparing education in Canada with education in Athens and Sparta. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in one city and not the other? In which one would the student rather live? Explain why. Or students can create a real estate ad for of the city in which they would choose to live.

7.   The teacher writes the quotation, “In brotherly love, let your feeling of deep affection for one another come to expression” (Romans12:10) on the board. Students write their reflections. A class discussion follows.

8.   Students locate Persia then map the land routes from Persia to Greece.

9.   Discuss the meaning of cause and effects, e.g., Persian threat = Delian League and wars.

10.  In small groups, students read and discuss the primary documents (Herodotus, Pericles, Thucydides) as well as textbook chapters to find the connection between the Persian and the Peloponnesian War.

11.  Students orally present their findings to the class. The teacher-prepared note on causes and effects of wars consolidates the information.

12.  As an enrichment activity, individual students can research and present their findings on the military strategies, ships and weapons used during the wars.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

6.   Formative assessment of the comparison chart.

11.  Summative evaluation of students’ ability to use primary documents.

12.  Summative quiz (Knowledge) to evaluate the content of wars and their causes and effects.

Accommodations

·         Photocopy instructions for students who have communication difficulties.

·         Separate the spelling from the writing process when evaluating students with writing difficulties.

·         The text is scanned into the program and read to the student for language difficulties.

·         Provide testing method that enable students to communicate their knowledge.

Resources

Print

Canadian Catholic Conference of Bishops. Ethical Reflections. Ottawa, 1981.

Websites

Herodotus: The Persian Wars – http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/herodotus/

Peloponnesian Wars – http://classics.mit.edu/Thucydides/pelopwar.html

Athenian Armed Forces – http://ivory.trentu.ca/www/cl/ahb/ahb7/ahb-7-2a.html

Video

Athens – Triumph and Tragedy. A&E.

Sparta – Foot Soldier: The Greeks. A&E.

The Battles that Changed the World - The Greek Persian War. Discovery, 1997. ASIN 6304843477

The Peloponnesian War. Discovery, 1997. ASIN 6304843585

 

Activity 3.4:  Historical Newspaper – The Athens Advisor

Time:  160 minutes

Description

Students analyse the development and diversity of social, political, cultural, and economic structures of the ancient Greeks. Students gain an insight into the everyday lives of the ancient Greeks as well as the important events in the development of democratic Athens. Students explore how The Gospel can conflict with the values of society and their call to witness Jesus’ values.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Citizenship and Heritage; Social, Economic, and Political Structures; Methods of Historical Inquiry

Overall Expectations

CHV.03 - demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between individuals, groups, and authority in different societies and periods to the sixteenth century;

HIV.03 - communicate opinions based on effective research clearly and concisely;

HIV.04 - demonstrate an ability to think creatively, manage time efficiently, and work effectively in independent and collaborative study.

Specific Expectations

CH3.04 - assess the contributions of Athens, Rome, and medieval Europe to the development of modern Western ideas of citizenship and the rights of individuals;

HI3.01 - communicate effectively, using a variety of styles and forms;

HI4.02 - use a variety of time-management strategies effectively;

HI4.04 - identify career possibilities related to the study of history.

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE3d - makes decisions in light of gospel values, with an informed moral conscience.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Students are familiar with developing questions, the use of questions to gather information, as well as the use of appropriate vocabulary to describe their observations.

·         Students are aware of the decision making process and how outside influences can affect the decisions they make.

Planning Notes

·         Have sections of a newspaper for students to review.

·         Book the computer lab or Library/Resource Centre for research.

·         Adapt Appendix 1.7.1 CHC2D Catholic Profile for evaluating the news story.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   Students work in small groups first to review the sections of a newspaper and then to choose the one on which they want to work (e.g., editorial, arts and entertainment, sports, etc). They are to make journalistic notes on how the articles are written.

2.   The teacher reviews the five Ws of information to be included: who, what, when, where, why, and how events occurred.

3.   For example, write a letter to the editor about the some aspect of life in ancient Greece. They may critique a drama or sculpture, or interview an influential person such as Pericles.

4.   The teacher acts as editor-in-chief, reviews and edits material, and sets expectations and deadlines.

5.   Students can scan their textbooks or Internet to find topics and information. Stronger students may wish to write independently, whereas weaker students may wish to work in small groups to plan an article of a newspaper that would be published in democratic Athens. Students must write the articles independently.

6.   Print out individual articles, then cut and paste into a newspaper format. Or use student expertise and available computer technology to create the newspaper. Make copies for the class.

7.   Students should add the lasting influences of the Golden Age of Athens to his/her Legacy Folder.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

5.   Summative evaluation of newspaper article.

7.   Formative assessment of Learning Skills.

Accommodations

·         Pair-share assignment to use each student’s strengths.

·         Provide a model assignment as a guideline for students with language difficulties.

·         Enhance student’s dignity by providing opportunities for choice of assignment topics.

Resources

Websites

Ancient Sites (3D Athens) – http://ancientsites.com/

Ancient Greek Artifacts (virtual tour) – http://srd.yahoo.com/srst/2676450/ancient+sites+virtual+tour

Multiplayer, real time, role-playing game with Greco-Roman feel – http://epic.legendary.org/~firan/

Video

The First Olympics. A&E. #40267

 

Activity 3.5:  The Spread of Hellenism – Travel Journal

Time:  160 minutes

Description

Students examine how the Hellenistic culture spread by following the exploits of Alexander the Great. They analyse how Greek culture influenced other cultures and the contributions made by Alexander the Great in terms of artistic, architectural, and intellectual traditions. Students understand that leadership as expressed in The Gospel is a call to service which they are called to exercise. It is a call that respects people and promotes dignity and the common good.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Change and Continuity; Citizenship and Heritage; Methods of Historical Inquiry

Overall Expectations

CCV.01 - analyse the factors that contributed to the process of change from prehistory to the sixteenth century;

CHV.02 - evaluate the contributions of selected individuals and groups to the development of artistic, intellectual, and religious traditions;

CHV.03 - demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between individuals, groups, and authority in different societies and periods to the sixteenth century;

HIV.01 - demonstrate an ability to locate, select, and organize information from a variety of sources; HIV.04 - demonstrate an ability to think creatively, manage time efficiently, and work effectively in independent and collaborative study.

Specific Expectations

CC1.01 - identify major changes that took place through the course of history to the sixteenth century, and demonstrate an understanding of their intensity and breadth;

CH2.01 - identify selected individuals and groups who made significant contributions to the development of artistic forms;

CH3.01 - demonstrate an understanding of the bases of authority in a variety of societies from prehistory to the sixteenth century;

HI1.02 - conduct organized research, using a variety of information sources;

HI4.01 - demonstrate an ability to think creatively in reaching conclusions about both assigned questions and issues and those conceived independently.

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE4e - sets appropriate goals and priorities in school, work, and personal life;

CGE5f - exercises Christian leadership in the achievement of individual and group goals.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Students have experience locating and organizing information using media works, written notes, drawings, charts, and maps; as well as communicating information in a variety of ways.

·         Students have had experience with writing-in-role in the Grade 10 Canadian History.

Planning Notes

·         Have maps prepared for students.

·         Have exemplars of travel logs available in order for students to study and develop an understanding of what information is required.

·         Check textbooks for information on Alexander or book the Library/Resource Centre for research.

·         Review websites and print any material needed, such as primary documents by Plutarch.

·         Share evaluation criteria for journal with students.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   The teacher directs students in using maps to trace the route of Alexander the Great.

2.   Students use textbook, documents, and websites to make notes on the information to be included.

3.   View a video, such as In the Footsteps of Alexander. Students continue to take notes.

4.   After studying his battles (Issus) and conquests (Tyre), students prepare a travel journal of the places he visited, thoughts, feelings, and experiences during his travels (e.g., his visit to the oracle at Siwa, his campaign across Zagros Mountains, and his new found city in Alexandria).

5.   Discuss the impact of Christianity on aboriginal culture.

6.   Students can decide on the format they will use for their log, either written or visual.

7.   Students display their logs in various areas of the classroom. Then their classmates tour the room to examine and appreciate each one.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

7.   Summative teacher evaluation of the Travel Journal (Knowledge, Communication, Application, Thinking/Inquiry).

Accommodations

·         Limit readings to those essential to core course work for those with reading difficulties.

·         Provide peer/resource assistance with document (e.g., highlight, chunk facts together, discuss, re-read) for students with memory difficulties.

·         Provide praise and feedback for students who lack motivation.

·         Provide teacher/peer assistance to research data collection.

·         Allow time for peer editing for students with writing difficulties.

Resources

Print

Green, Robert. Alexander the Great. New York: Franklin Watts Publishing, 1996. ISBN 0531202305

Websites

Plutarch – http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/REnault/fire.plutarch.html

Alexander the Great on the Web – http://www-personal.umich.edu/~spalding/Alexanderama.html

Hellenistic Art – http://1stmuse.com/Pergamon/art.html

CD-ROMs

Welcome to the Catholic Church 2.0. Sault St Marie, ON: Canadian Software Distributors, 1999.

Video

The Great Commanders: Alexander the Great. A&E.

In the Footsteps of Alexander, narrated by Michael Wood. Discovery Channel. ASIN B00000FELL

The Greeks, Alexander and the Hellenistic Age “The Western Tradition” series from Annenber/CPB ‘89.

 

Activity 3.6:  Rome’s Struggle for Power

Time:  80 minutes

Description

Students demonstrate an ability to locate, select, and organize research findings from a variety of sources about the three Punic Wars. They learn how these events shaped Rome and subsequently affected Western civilization. Finally, students present the information to the class using a multimedia approach. This activity presents an opportunity to be reflective, think critically, and solve problems in light of The Gospel call to peace and the Church’s teachings on violence.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Methods of Historical Inquiry

Overall Expectations

HIV.01 - demonstrate an ability to locate, select, and organize information from a variety of sources; HIV.03 - communicate opinions based on effective research clearly and concisely.

Specific Expectations

HI1.03 - organize research findings, using a variety of methods and forms;

HI3.01 - communicate effectively, using a variety of styles and forms.

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE3c - thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Students have had experience conducting research, locating, organizing, and charting information from a variety of sources in previous activities, as well as communicating information using a variety of methods.

·         They are familiar with some Gospel and Church teachings concerning violence.

Planning Notes

·         Ensure that students have the necessary information needed in textbook or Library/Resource Centre.

·         Print out additional materials from the Internet.

·         Prepare a model organizer for the information. See Teaching/Learning Strategy 2.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   The teacher divides the class into groups of three. Each group researches one of the three Punic Wars.

2.   Students research and record the information in a comparison organizer under the following columns: First, Second, and Third Punic War. Label the rows: Causes of struggle, Battles fought, Military aspects, Weapons used, People involved, Outcomes.

3.   Students assume the role of the teacher and direct a lesson for the class. The lesson should include; class participation, use of overheads, maps, videos, role playing, content, delivery, and discussion.

4.   Students prepare a quiz on the content of the presentation and include an answer key.

5.   “Peace is not merely the absence of war. It is rightly and appropriately called an enterprise of justice (The Church in the Modern World, Vatican II, Sec. 78). Discuss whether it is ethical for Christians to go to war.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

2.   Formative assessment of Learning Skills; teamwork, works independently, organization.

3.   Summative evaluation of presentation.

4.   Formative assessment (Knowledge) of performance on student administered quiz.

Accommodations

·         Provide teacher/peer/resource assistance in research data collection for reading difficulties.

·         Simplify written material to accommodate reading difficulties (an audio-tape could also be used).

·         Reduce assignment length for students with organization, concentration and/or attention difficulties.

·         Verbalize and scribe questions and answers for the quiz if required for students with writing difficulties.

Resources

Print

Scarre, Chris. Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Rome. New York: Viking Press, 1995.
ISBN 0670864641

Liberti, A. and F. Bourbon. Ancient Rome: History of a Civilization that Ruled the World. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang Publishers, 1996. IBSN 155670531X

Websites

Rome Resources (maps/military/etc.) – http://www.dalton.org/groups/rome/

Polybius – http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius6.html

Hannibal: Rome vs. Carthage – http://pages.infinit.net/mykeul/hannibal.htm

Punic Wars – http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/polybius/index.htm

Videos

Foot Soldier: The Romans (A&E #13910) and The Most Remarkable Battles (A&E #42784)

The Battles that Changed the World: The Punic Wars. Discovery Channel, 1997. ASIN 6304843593

 

Activity 3.7:  Changes in Roman Government

Time:  100 minutes

Description

Students identify and describe relationships and connections in the data studied. This will help them to understand how Roman government was ever changing (from Republic to Empire) to meet the needs of its expansion. Subsequently students understand how interdependent systems can affect the development of a just society faithful to the teachings of Jesus.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Change and Continuity; Social, Economic, and Political Structures; Methods of Historical Inquiry

Overall Expectations

CCV.02 - analyse the factors that contributed to the maintenance of stability and continuity in a variety of societies from prehistory to the sixteenth century;

SEV.03 - demonstrate an understanding of the diversity and uniqueness of political structures throughout the world;

HIV.02 - demonstrate an understanding of the steps in the process of historical interpretation and analysis.

Specific Expectations

CC2.02 - describe how legal traditions and political institutions contributed to a sense of continuity;

SE3.01 - analyse diverse forms of leadership or government (e.g., tribal leadership, theocracy, monarchy) in selected communities prior to the sixteenth century;

SE3.02 - demonstrate an understanding of the factors that influenced the development of various forms of leadership and government;

HI2.03 - identify and describe relationships and connections in the data studied.

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE3f - examines, evaluates, and applies knowledge of interdependent systems (physical, political, ethical, socio-economic, and ecological) for the development of a just and compassionate society.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Review oral presentation skills.

·         Students have previously used primary sources, identifying physical and social needs of people in early civilizations and how needs were met.

·         Review analysing, synthesizing, and evaluating historical information.

·         Students are familiar with some characteristics of a just society via Gospel and Church teachings.

·         Inform students of the evaluation criteria.

Planning Notes

·         The teacher provides copies of the Twelve Tables and Code of Hammurabi.

·         Prepare a biographical sketch of Constantine, his influence in the rise of Christianity, and a map of areas he influenced.

·         Prepare a list of rulers that reigned during the Pax Romana 27 BCE-180 CE.

·         Share the evaluation for the obituary with the students in advance.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   Students map the expansion of the Roman Empire. Discuss the problems associated with an empire of such a large size.

2.   In small groups, students review Hammurabi’s Law Code and compare it to the Twelve Tables.

3.   Students present an oral report of their findings to the class.

4.   The teacher and students discuss the prosperity during the Pax Romana, Rome’s growing population, and commerce. Review some of the more important emperors, their contributions during this time and how they tolerated different religious practices (e.g., Augustus Caesar, Tiberius, Nero, Trojan, Hadrian, Justinian, Diocletian ).

5.   The class maps the spread of Christianity in the Roman world. Have students hypothesize why this religion spread.

6.   The teacher reviews the life and teachings of Jesus. Teach how his Apostle Paul travelled to Palestine, Asia Minor, Greece, and Rome to spread Jesus’ message.

7.   The teacher informs students that Paul was persecuted by emperor Nero. Have students reflect on the way martyrs often aid a cause. What other martyrs can students remember and what the effect they did have?

8.   The teacher and students discuss the appeal and rise of Christianity in spite of the threat of persecution.

9.   The teacher presents a biography of the emperor Constantine. Include his initial religious beliefs, explain why they changed, and explain his role in the rise of Christianity. Add lasting influences of this emperor to their legacy Folder.

10.  For homework, students research one Roman emperor during the Pax Romana. Students write an obituary for the emperor they researched. Include: headline, date of birth and death, personal life and interests, how he came to power, struggles to stay in power, accomplishments, critics’ opinions, cause of death, the expected successor, quotations by/about the leader.

11.  As an enrichment activity, students give a three- to five-minute mini-presentation about the emperor researched. Information to be included can be background, career, religious views, goals, accomplishments, success or failure. Is he worthy of historical recognition?

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

1.   Formative assessment (Learning Skill; works independently) by observing mapping skills.

10.  Summative evaluation (Knowledge, Thinking/Inquiry) of obituary to include creativity, accuracy of information, detail and mechanics. Formative assessment (Learning Skill; work habits/homework).

Accommodations

·         Use cooperative learning for students with reading/language difficulties.

·         Reduce assignment length.

·         Provide immediate reinforcement to students who lack motivation.

·         Break tasks into small units with explicit expectations for students with concentration difficulties.

·         Have students with written language difficulties use a word processor and spell checker.

Resources

Print

Canadian Catholic Conference of Bishops. John Paul II - On Social Concerns. Ottawa, 1981.

Scarre, Chris. Chronicle of the Roman Emperors: The Reign by Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial Rome. Thames and Hudson Publishers, 1995.

Zoch, P. Ancient Rome: An Introductory History. Oklahoma University Press, 1998.

Websites

Early Republic – http://www.cgocable.net/~jstam/erepubic.html

Twelve Tables – http://.humanities.ccny.cuny.edu/history/reader/romanlaw.html

Republican Roman Government – http://www.utexas.edu/depts/classics/documents/RepGov.html

Roman Emperors – http://www.ece.arizona.edu/~justin/Emperors/baggin_emperors

Illustrated History - (biographies, interactive maps, military) – http://www.roman-empire.net/

Video

Rise to Power. Discovery.com.

Ancient Rome: Story of an Empire. PBS Discovery Channel, 1998.ASIN 0767012631

Augustus: First of the Emperors. A&E. #14251

Justinian: The Last of the Romans. A&E. #14254

 

Activity 3.8:  A Day in the Life of a Roman - Jigsaw

Time:  120 minutes

Description

Students understand the relationships within the extended family headed by the father (patrisfamilia). In addition, students demonstrate an understanding that women played a large role not only in the family but also in public affairs. Students also research everyday life in Rome and learn the different aspects of Roman accomplishments. They develop an understanding of how historical events still influence the present, as evidenced by Rome’s lasting influences. The concept that history is present in the modern world is reinforced. Students examine the Church teachings, which emphasize the family as the cornerstone of society, and probe Catholic faith traditions which enhance the quality of life.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Communities: Characteristics, Development, and Interaction; Citizenship and Heritage; Social, Economic, and Political Structures; Methods of Historical Inquiry

Overall Expectations

COV.01 - demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics of a variety of communities from prehistory to the sixteenth century;

COV.03 - analyse the interaction between selected societies from prehistory to the sixteenth century;

CHV.03 - demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between individuals, groups, and authority in different societies and periods to the sixteenth century;

SEV.01 - analyse the development and diversity of social structures in various regions.

Specific Expectations

CO1.02 - identify the factors that tend to differentiate societies;

CO3.01 - demonstrate an understanding of the factors that influenced the nature of relations between groups;

CH3.04 - assess the contributions of Athens, Rome, and medieval Europe to the development of modern Western ideas of citizenship and the rights of individuals;

SE1.03 - demonstrate an understanding of women’s social roles in early and more complex societies.

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE2e - uses and integrates the Catholic faith tradition, in the critical analysis of the arts, media, technology, and information systems to enhance the quality of life.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Students use knowledge acquired thus far in the course regarding people’s values and beliefs and their effect on daily lives.

·         Students have experience with the collaborative learning jigsaw model and organizing information.

·         The teacher should review listening and note-taking skills.

·         Students have some knowledge of the relationship between the family and society.

Planning Notes

·         Book the computer lab and/or Library/Resource Centre.

·         Review websites/resources.

·         Familiarize students with how the jigsaw activity works.

·         Prepare the A-L-D Organizer.

·         Prepare a list of different areas of daily life that can be examined (role of women, legal rights, education, clothing, jewellery, food, beliefs, rise of Christianity, art, architecture, other Roman accomplishments).

·         The teacher may need to locate other sources for student research.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   Students are divided into small groups. Each group researches one aspect of Roman daily life and accomplishments.

2.   Once the research has been completed and students are experts in their areas, they join new groups. Each student in the new groups should be an expert in a different area of daily life.

3.   Each student then takes a turn to share his/her area of expertise while the others take notes.

4.   At the end, students draw connections wherever possible between the Roman “experience” and Western-European culture. Since this activity is near the end of the unit, they may be able to readily identify past influences in today’s society.

5.   The class views a video about Pompeii which preserved the daily life of the ancient Romans. Students take notes. Discuss.

6.   The teacher presents the Catholic view of the sanctity of family life. “The family is and must be considered the first and essential cell of human society” (Pope John Paul XXIII). Discuss the way the media reinforces family life or mitigates against it. Write a paragraph on the value of family life and how it can be nurtured.

7.   Cultural Quiz. Students write a quotation, invention, reform, name, etc., related to the course on a piece of paper; include the answer on the back of the paper. Divide the class into two halves. Read the questions out loud. Keep score to see which side has the most correct answers.

8.   As an enrichment activity, the teacher displays visual historical evidence in popular culture, such as Herman cartoons, pictures of Greek architecture in the area, or students read the lyrics of songs with historical evidence (e.g., the song “Alexander the Great” by Iron Maiden). Students then find a source of his/her own (e.g., cartoons, poems, songs, TV shows) to demonstrate the influence of the past in today’s society. Class discussion to follow.

9.   Students include a written summary of the lasting influence of Roman life and accomplishments in their Legacy Folder.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

2.   Formative assessment of Communication, Learning Skills; teamwork and works independently.

4.   Formative assessment (Knowledge and Application). Students complete each column of the A-L-D Organizer; What I Already Knew, What I Want to Learn, What I Discovered.

9.   Formative assessment (Learning Skills; organization and works independently).

Accommodations

·         Allow students with attention difficulties to tape lessons for more extensive listening later.

·         Photocopy instructions for students with communication problems.

·         Provide teacher/peer/resource assistance in collecting data for students with reading difficulties.

·         Modify assignment for individual student’s strengths and interests.

Resources

Print

Carpino, Jerome. Daily Life in Ancient Rome. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1992. ISBN 0300000316

Canadian Conference of Bishops. Pope John Paul II The Role of the Family in the Modern World. Ottawa, 1981.

Websites

http://www.ancientsites.com/as/rome/academy/tours/index.html

Virtual tours – http://www.ancientsites.com/
http://www.LearningFamily.net/reiser/9901-act/

Pompeii Interactive – http://www.pompeii.co.uk/
http://www.capitolium.org/

Daily life (art/architecture, etc.) – http://www.historylink101.com/

Roman family – http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/romans/home.html

Video

Pompeii. A&E. #40192

 

Activity 3.9:  The Fall of the Roman Empire

Time:  80 minutes

Description

In this activity, students discover the economic, social, and political events that changed the Roman world and caused its demise. Students learn that the lack of a system of successors for Rome caused it to suffer civil wars as generals battled for power. In addition, German tribes invaded Rome and caused the empire to crumble forever. Students learn that in the midst of the chaos and confusion they are called to be symbols of peace, hope, and joy. “Blessed are the peacemakers” (Matthew 5:9).

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Social, Economic, and Political Structures; Methods of Historical Inquiry

Overall Expectations

SEV.01 - analyse the development and diversity of social structures in various regions of the world; SEV.02 - analyse diverse economic structures and the factors that affected their development;

HIV.02 - demonstrate an understanding of the steps in the process of historical interpretation and analysis.

Specific Expectations

SE1.02 - analyse the factors that influenced the development of a variety of forms of social structure;

SE2.02 - analyse the effects of innovation on the functioning of various economic structures;

HI2.01 - demonstrate an ability to distinguish bias, prejudice, stereotyping, or a lack of substantiation in statements, arguments, and opinions.

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE7d - promotes the sacredness of life.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         In Grade 10 History, students gained an understanding of cause-and-effect relationships.

·         Review analytical and inference skills to recognize biases in primary sources.

Planning Notes

·         Prepare an overhead transparency for causes and effects of the decline of Rome.

·         Check textbook information on the topic. Locate video on the fall of Rome and book TV/VCR.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   In small groups, students read and discuss information from a primary source about the decline of Rome to determine one person’s perspective (see Resources).

2.   Students write point-form notes under the headings; facts, opinions, information given, description of Roman life, biases, reliability of source.

3.   Students should then be able to draw conclusions about the state of Rome at that time.

4.   Students share their conclusions with the class.

5.   Students search their textbooks for further information on the political, economic, and social causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.

6.   As students report the information they have extracted about civil wars, unstable economy, and barbarian invasions, the teacher writes it onto an overhead transparency. Students copy the information into their notebooks.

7.   Students view a video about the demise of the Roman Empire. Students take notes on how the Empire tried to deal with the problems they faced and the results. A class discussion follows.

8.   For homework, students write a persuasive paragraph responding to the statement, “Roman civilization did not die by natural causes.” Which factor played the largest role in its demise?

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

2.   Formative assessment of notes for completeness and accuracy.

8.   Summative evaluation of persuasive paragraph.

Accommodations

·         Break task into small units and expect quality not quantity from students with attention difficulties.

·         Paired reading for students with reading difficulties.

Resources

Print

Canadian Conference of Bishops. John Paul II - The Gospel of Life. Ottawa, 1981.

Gibbon, Edward. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Viking Penguin, 1996.

Websites

Ammanius Marcellinus: History – www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/ammanius-history14.html

Video

Fall of an Empire. Discovery Channel

 

Activity 3.10:  Culminating Activity

Time:  160 minutes

Description

Students analyse the leadership qualities exhibited by Alexander the Great, Hannibal, and Julius Caesar. Based on their research, students debate which of the three men was the greatest leader. An option is to have the debate while re-enacting a Greco-Roman banquet complete with dishes, clothing, entertainment and etiquette from that era. During this time, students reflect on their call to influence society by acting as committed Christians in the Catholic tradition. A unit test on the Greco-Roman world follows this activity. As a conclusion to this unit, students add references to the Global Connections sections in their Legacy Folder and the Bulletin Board.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Strand(s):  Citizenship and Heritage; Social, Economic, and Political Structures; Methods of Historical Inquiry

Overall Expectations

CHV.01 - evaluate the contributions of selected individuals and groups to the development of legal, political, and military traditions;

SEV.03 - demonstrate an understanding of the diversity and uniqueness of political structures throughout the world;

HIV.04 - demonstrate an ability to think creatively, manage time efficiently, and work effectively in independent and collaborative study.

Specific Expectations

CH1.02 - evaluate the contributions of selected individuals and groups to significant political events;

SE3.04 - evaluate the influence of religion on political structures in selected societies.

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE6c - values and honours the important role of the family in society;

CGE7a - acts morally and legally as a person formed in Catholic traditions;

CGE7j - contributes to the common good.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Review informal debating skills.

·         Students are familiar with the use of argument and reason supported by evidence.

·         Students draw upon previous knowledge of the personages to be discussed and research to defend their opinions in the debate.

Planning Notes

·         Gather the necessary resources; books, videos, and documents, and provide Internet access.

·         Review or teach the techniques of informal debating.

·         Share Debate Assessment Rubric with students in advance.

·         Design a paper-and-pencil unit test.

·         If planning a banquet, survey class for possible food allergies.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   The class brainstorms the criteria for what makes a “great leader.”

2.   The teacher divides the class into three groups. Each group researches one leader. Based on the criteria developed earlier, students must develop an argument that will prove their leader to be the greatest.

3.   For the optional banquet to be enjoyed after the debate (45 minutes). Each group researches and prepares a dish or two, only enough for the class to sample. Students also research the etiquette followed at a banquet, (e.g., they did not eat with their left hands). On the day of the banquet, students come dressed in togas (sheets) and sandals, and bring in the Roman dishes (e.g., figs and almonds for dessert).

4.   Once all the evidence and arguments have been presented, the discussion can continue during the sampling of various dishes (as the people of these ancient civilizations loved to argue).

5.   For homework, students write an opinion paper voicing their views as to who was the greatest leader. The paper is added to their Legacy Folder.

6.   The class examines the Scripture call to leadership. Discuss how it is different from society’s understanding of leadership. Ask students how they can give witness to the Scripture’s call to leadership.

7.   Students add references to Global Connections section of Legacy Folder and Bulletin Board. Remind students that they are to be working on their Unit 6 Culminating activity.

8.   Students write a paper-and-pencil unit test on the Mediterranean World.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

3.   Formative assessment (Learning Skills; teamwork and works independently).

5.   Summative evaluation of debate (Knowledge, Thinking, Application and Communication).

7.   Formative assessment of the progression of Legacy Folder.

8.   Summative evaluation (Knowledge) of unit content via a teacher-designed pencil-and-paper unit test.

Accommodations

·         Provide opportunities for higher thinking skills (Bloom’s Taxonomy).

·         Encourage stronger students to offer study sessions with and help prepare study materials for ESL students.

·         Provide a variety of assessment tools: true/false, matching, fill in the blank, short-answer questions.

·         Essay questions should emphasize knowledge and application.

·         Verbalize and scribe answers, if required.

Resources

Websites

Ancient Greek Society – http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/dailylife/index.htm

Ancient Rome – http://www.aquella.com/rome/
http://members.aol.com/Donnclass/Romelife.html

Antique Roman Dishes – http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~mjw/recipes/ethnic/ancient-rome

Women, Law & Society in Ancient Rome – http://www.publications.unsw.edu.au/handbooks/arts/subject/

Ancient Sites: Take Your Place in History – http://www.ancientsites.com/xi/family/Index

Alexander the Great – http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/alexander/index.htm

Julius Caesar – http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/caesar/index.htm

Hannibal – http://www.ssnp.com/hannibal.htm
http://www-scf.usc.edu/~baguirov/hannibal.htm

Video

Julius Caesar: Master of the Roman.

 

 

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