Course
Profile Communications
Technology, Grade 11, Workplace Preparation, Catholic and Public
Unit 4: Interactive Media
Time: 27.5 hours
Activity 1 | Activity 2
| Activity 3 | Activity 4
This unit
gives students the opportunity to develop an understanding of interactive
media. A variety of interactive computer software is used by students to
develop practical workshops that investigate uses for interactive technology
and employment opportunities in the field of communications technology.
Emphasis is placed on the set-up, testing, and maintenance of the systems,
(i.e., hardware, software, peripheral relationships, and connectivity),
necessary to create their interactive projects. Students learn the intrinsic
value of the support worker and realize their potential for dignity,
self-respect, and success with respect to their essential roles as supporting team
players.
|
Activity |
Time |
Expectations |
Assessment |
Focus |
|
1:
Community Service Presentation |
5 hours |
SPV.01,
SPV.02, SPV.03, ICV.03, ICV.04 TF1.02,
TF2.03, SP1.01, SP1.02, SP2.01, SP2.02, SP3.03, SP3.04, SP4.02 CGE 2c,
e; 3b, c, e; 4a, f; 5a, e, f; 7b, j |
Knowledge/
Understanding Thinking/Inquiry Communication Application |
Presentation
software applications |
|
2:
Career Study Research and Presentation |
7.5 hours |
TFV.01,
TFV.02, SPV.01, SPV.02, SPV.03, ICV.03, ICV.04 SP1.01,
SP1.02, SP2.01, SP2.02, SP3.03, SP4.02, IC1.01 CGE 2a,
b, c; 3b, c; 4b, e, f; 5e, g; 7b, j |
Knowledge/
Understanding Thinking/Inquiry Communication Application |
Multimedia
software applications |
|
3:
Co-curricular Activities Web Design |
10 hours |
TFV.01,
TFV.02, TFV.03, SPV.01, SPV.02, ICV.03, ICV.04 TF1.02,
TF2.01, TF2.02, TF2.03, TF3.01, SP1.02, SP2.01, SP2.02, SP3.03 CGE 2a,
b, c, e; 3b, c, e; 4b, f; 5a, e, g; 7b, j |
Knowledge/
Understanding Thinking/Inquiry Communication Application |
Web-based
applications |
|
4:
Interactive Portfolio/ Resume |
5 hours |
TFV.03,
SPV.02, SPV.03, ICV.04 TF2.02,
TF2.03, TF2.09, SP1.01, SP1.02, SP1.03, SP1.04, SP1.05, SP1.06, SP2.01,
SP2.02, SP3.01, SP3.03, SP4.02, IC3.01, IC3.02, IC3.03, IC3.04 CGE 2b,
c, e; 3b, c, e; 4a, b, e, f; 5a, g; 7b, j |
Knowledge/
Understanding Thinking/Inquiry Communication Application |
Tying
it all together - an interactive resume/ portfolio |
Time: 300 minutes
Students
use presentation software to develop a resource that can be used by a specific
non-profit community service, social justice group, or charity organization.
Working cooperatively with the community, students incorporate video, audio,
graphics, photos, and text to create an effective presentation. Completed
projects ultimately support the community as resources for group presentations
or individual kiosk presentations. Students are encouraged to examine,
evaluate, and apply knowledge (physical, political, ethical, socio-economic,
and ecological) for the development of a just and compassionate society.
Overall
Expectations
SPV.01 -
function effectively as individuals and as members of a cooperative team to
produce a product or service;
SPV.02 -
produce, assemble, connect, and operate current equipment and components to
perform specific functions related to communications technology;
SPV.03 -
use appropriate equipment and techniques to communicate, describe, and market
solutions to communications technology problems;
ICV.03 -
describe the career opportunities available in the communications technology
sector immediately on graduation from high school;
ICV.04 -
identify the employability skills required to be successful in the workplace.
Specific
Expectations
TF1.02 -
apply the following steps of the design process to solve a variety of simple
communications technology challenges or problems:
- identify what has to be
accomplished (the problem);
- gather and record information, and
establish a plan of procedures;
- brainstorm a list of as many
solutions as possible;
- identify the resources required
for each suggested solution, and compare each solution to the design criteria,
refining and modifying it as required;
- evaluate the solutions (e.g., by
testing, modelling, and documenting results) and choose the best one;
- produce a drawing, model, or
prototype of the best solution;
- evaluate the prototype and what is
required to produce it;
- communicate the solution, using
one or more of the following: final drawings, technical reports, electronic
presentations, flow charts, storyboards, mock-ups, prototypes, and so on;
- obtain feedback on the final
solution and repeat the design process if necessary to refine or improve the
solution;
TF2.03 -
explain how digitization is used for print, audio, video, recording, and
photographic media and in the transfer of data;
SP1.01 -
demonstrate the interpersonal skills required for effective teamwork;
SP1.02 -
develop the time management and problem-solving skills required to complete
projects;
SP2.01 -
use appropriate techniques to model and communicate project ideas, materials,
and specifications;
SP2.02 -
demonstrate the skills required to complete communications technology projects,
both independently and in a group;
SP3.03 - use industry-standard guidelines,
conventions, and rules for composition and design;
SP3.04 - use colour theory and colour standards
to create presentations that adhere to industry standards;
SP4.02 -
use appropriate language in reports and presentations.
Ontario
Catholic School Graduate Expectations
CGE2c -
presents information and ideas clearly and honestly and with sensitivity to
others;
CGE2e -
uses and integrates the Catholic faith tradition, in the critical analysis of
the arts, media, technology, and information systems to enhance the quality of
life;
CGE3b -
creates, adapts, and evaluates new ideas in light of the common good;
CGE3c -
thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems;
CGE3e -
adopts a holistic approach to life by integrating learning from various subject
areas and experience;
CGE4a -
demonstrates a confident and positive sense of self and respect for the dignity
and welfare of others;
CGE4f -
applies effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time, and
resource management skills;
CGE5a -
works effectively as an interdependent team member;
CGE5e -
respects the rights, responsibilities, and contributions of self and others;
CGE5f -
exercises Christian leadership in the achievement of individual and group
goals;
CGE7b -
accepts accountability for ones own actions;
CGE7j -
contributes to the common good.
·
Students
should be familiar with the operation of a computer and be able to save,
import, export, and create files.
·
understanding
of the basic principles of design (from Unit 1).
·
Cross-curricular
connections include Religion, Social Science, and English.
·
Students
may get involved in a small group to decide what might be included in the
production.
·
Provide
teacher-generated handouts and worksheets.
·
Review
the principles of managing various audio, video, picture, and text files.
·
Stress
the correct and safe use of all equipment and materials throughout the
activity.
·
Make
available resources that may be used in the activity and provide student
exemplars or an industry standard in multimedia production.
·
Provide
the opportunity for students to focus on specific career options and provide
insights into the skills required for related professions:
· Teaching/learning strategies that allow for career links should be investigated (e.g., job shadowing, career and education research, field trips, and guest speakers). Arrange for appropriate speakers, whose careers are related to this activity, to share their education and career paths with students. Members of the community may provide students with some insights into career opportunities and issues.
·
Remind
students to update the career research section of their Student Manual.
·
The
teacher encourages attitudes and values, founded on Catholic social teachings,
which promote social responsibility, human solidarity, and the common good.
·
The
teacher introduces the project and initiates a discussion on the importance of
interactive presentations in communicating information today.
·
The
teacher should discuss with students the variety of social issues that may be
researched for this multimedia project.
·
Students
decide on a focus for their project and brainstorm a list of images and words
that would help convey the message.
·
Students,
through discussion with other design team members, make final design decisions
in light of Gospel values with an informed moral conscience.
·
Establish
design review group sessions aimed at creating a positive environment for
sharing of ideas and concepts. Students should be encouraged to critique each
others work. The aim of each session is to gather a variety of views on how to
enhance the material being produced, to proofread work, and to ensure that
ethical standards and policies of communications technology are met as well as
Gospel values.
·
Students
conference with the teacher during the development of the project.
·
Each
student creates a storyboard that diagrams the project frame by frame.
·
The
teacher demonstrates the basic set-up and correct handling procedures for all
equipment and software, through a series of small-group lessons as equipment is
required (e.g., cameras and scanners at the start, a projector for the final
output).
·
Students
complete a series of short exercises reinforcing the safe and correct use of
all equipment, software, and the basic techniques and options that the
equipment and software provide.
·
Students
research their topic, gathering and compiling all resource material.
·
Students
are now at the editing/authoring stage that includes constructing, collecting,
and editing all raw materials (text, photos, sound, and video) to be used in
the project. Using the materials and presentation software, students can create
multimedia projects based on their storyboard guide.
·
Students
present their projects to the class and the group that the project was prepared
for. A presentation to the larger school community (a school event Arts Night
or in the cafeteria during lunch) should be discussed by the class and left
open as an option.
·
Upon
completion of the activity and after all student work has been presented, the
overall project is discussed and the opportunity for all students to complete a
self- and peer assessment is given.
Diagnostic assessment of definition of communication:
·
skills
inventory/checklist is given at the start of the activity.
Formative assessment of the students ability to work
cooperatively in groups:
·
students
assess the contribution of the individual group members by completing daily log
sheets;
·
personal
communication through teacher/student conferencing.
Summative assessment of finished multimedia presentation:
·
performance
assessment of finished product project evaluation sheet.
Summative assessment of the concepts and techniques
utilized in this activity:
·
paper
and pencil test.
Summative assessment of project presentation and class
discussion of student work:
·
performance
assessment of finished presentation;
·
personal
communication through self-/peer assessment and critique;
·
reflection
through self-/peer assessment.
·
Teachers
should be acquainted with Individual Education Plans (IEP) and their unique
learning characteristics in order to make the necessary accommodations. Teachers
should be aware of students who require modification to the mandated
expectations for this course. Ontario
Secondary Schools (p. 24) allows teachers to modify the learning
expectations for exceptional students in order to support the contents of the
students IEP. This applies also to students who have not been identified as
exceptional but are receiving Special Education programs and services.
·
Students
with special artistic abilities may wish to add original drawings, music, or
other media to the final animation.
·
Students
use AutoContent Wizard to design a presentation.
·
The
opportunity for peer tutoring is provided for students requiring extra help.
Teacher-developed
resources including handouts, worksheets and activity sheets
Student
exemplars
Software
manuals and tutorial exercises
The
school Library/Resource Centre
Books
Adams,
Marianne. Teaching For Diversity and
Social Justice. USA: Routledge, 1997. ISBN 0415910579
Bell,
Lee, Marianne Adams, and Pat Griffin. Teaching
For Diversity & Social Justice: A Sourcebook for Teachers & Trainers.
USA: Routledge, Chapman & Hall Inc., 1997. ISBN 0415910560
Allen,
JoBeth. Class Actions: Teaching Social
Justice in Elementary and Middle Schools. USA: College Press, 1999. ISBN
0807738565
Ayers,
William. Teaching for Social Justice: A
Democracy & Education Reader. USA: New Press, 1998.
ISBN 1565844203
Brown,
L. Allen. Power Pitches - How to Produce
Winning Presentations Using Charts, Slides, Video & Multimedia. USA:
Professional Publishing, 1997. ISBN 0786309725
Jasmine,
Grace. Creating a Winning PowerPoint 2000
Presentation. USA: IDG Books Worldwide, 1999.
ISBN 0764585 665
Lehaman,
Carol. Creating Dynamic Multimedia
Presentations Using Microsoft Powerpoint. USA: Course Technology, 1999.
ISBN 0324025378
Monsen,
Laura. Easy Microsoft PowerPoint 2000.
USA: Que Corporation, 1999. ISBN 0789718464
Rathbone,
Andy. Multimedia & CD-ROMs for
Dummies. Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., 1997. ISBN
1-5688-4225-2
Robbins,
Jo. High Impact Presentations: A
Multimedia Approach. USA: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
ISBN 0471157813
Roman,
Kenneth and Joel Paphaelson. Writing that
Works: How to Write Effective Emails, Letters, Resumes, Presentations, Plans,
Reports, and Other Business. USA: Harper Resource, 2000.
ISBN 0060956437
Sheridan,
E.F. Do Justice: The Social Teaching of
Canadian Catholic Bishops. Toronto: Mediapaul, 1999. ISBN 2890391132
Wolfgram,
Douglas E. Creating Multimedia
Presentations. USA: Que Corporation, 1994.
ISBN 1-5652-9667-2
Video
The Gospel is a Social Message. Richard Sparks, CSP (Available through the
Catholic Office of Religious Studies - 1155 Yonge St. Toronto (416) 934-0606)
Marketplace Prophets: Voices for Justice in the 20th Century. (Available through the Catholic
Office of Religious Studies)
Think Again - Challenging Attitudes
to Poverty.
(Available through American conference of Catholic Bishops 1-800-235-8722 or
http://www.nccbuscc.org)
The Richest Dog in the World. (Available through the American
conference of Catholic Bishops)
Websites
Aboriginal
Rights Coalition (ARC) http://home.istar.ca/~arc
This site works in partnership with Aboriginal peoples and regional activist
groups to build solidarity in the struggle for Aboriginal justice.
Canadian
Catholic Organization for Development of Peace http://www.devp.org
This site provides a mandate for the development of peace and provides
information on the causes of poverty and injustice especially among poor
populations in countries in the south.
Ecumenical
Coalition for Economic Justice http://www.ecej.org
This site promotes economic justice in both Canada and the third world.
GreenPeace
http://www.greenpeacecanada.org
This site provides information about environmental degradation and injustice
found in the world.
Inter-Church
·
Action
for Development, Relief and Justice (ICA) http://www.web.net/~icact
·
Coalition
on Africa (ICCAF) http://www.web.net/~iccaf
·
Committee
for Refugees (ICCR) http://www.web.net/~iccr
·
Committee
for World Development Education http://www.web.net/~tendays
·
Committee
on Human Rights Latin America (ICCHRLA) http://www.web.apc.org/~icchrla
These
sites all deal with social injustices around the world. The information
provided ranges from refugee rights, human rights policies, relief from
disasters, low-income self-help groups and the pursuit of economic justice.
Kodak:
Digital Learning Centre http://www.kodak.com/US/en/digital/dlc
This site provides a picture centre, photography tutorials, multimedia
presentations on digital photography, and photographic equipment.
Macromedia
http://www.macromedia.com
This site provides multimedia tips, training resources, exchange groups, and
products that can be incorporated in multimedia presentations.
MNSJ
Metro Network for Social Justice http://www.mnsj.org
This site is a non-profit coalition of organizations and groups committed to
promoting social justice in Toronto.
Project
Ploughshares http://www.ploughshares.ca
This site promotes disarmament and demilitarization with the peaceful
resolution of political conflict and the pursuit of security based on equity
and justice.
Task
Force on the Churches and Corporate Responsibility http://www.web.net/~tccr
This site deals with the social, ecological, and environmental responsibility
of Canadian-based corporations and financial institutions.
Web
Monkey www.hotwired.com/webmonkey/design/graphics/
An interactive site that provides tutorials on image-editing software.
Time: 450 minutes
Throughout
all units of study in this profile, students learn how to plan for
participation in the working world of Communications Technology. Through
ongoing discussion of careers in the field of Communications Technology,
students are provided with the opportunity to do in-depth research on a
specific career in each unit. Students are encouraged to gather career
information in their student portfolio for use in this activity. Teachers
should introduce the career research component of this activity at the start of
the course, and then return to the activity near the completion of the course
to allow for student presentations to occur.
Part 1
Career Exploration
Students
are introduced to the overall Career Exploration project using traditional and
electronic research methods. Through this part of the activity (and the
continuation of this activity throughout all units), students come to
appreciate the scope of career opportunities in the field of Communications
Technology. Students are provided with the opportunity to do in-depth research
on a specific Communications Technology career. Students learn the intrinsic
value of work and discover techniques to realize their potential for dignity,
self-respect, and success.
Part 2
Career Presentation
In the
second part of the activity, students use the career information they have
compiled throughout each unit to create a multimedia presentation on a career
of their choice. Students use digital video and still images, record original
narration, add musical clips, prepare graphic content, and assemble all
resources using multimedia software. The finished product is presented to the
class and archived for future class use. Output options for their final
multimedia package are investigated (video, CD, web/Internet). Students are
encouraged to examine and reflect on their personal values, abilities, and
aspirations influencing lifes choices and opportunities.
Strand(s): Theory and Foundation, Skills and Processes, Impact
and Consequences
Overall
Expectations
TFV.01 -
apply the design process to develop solutions, products, processes, or services
in response to simple challenges or problems in electronic, live, recorded, or
graphic communications;
TFV.02 -
identify the mechanical and electronic characteristics of the components and
processes required to produce a product or a service in communications
technology;
SPV.01 -
function effectively as individuals and as members of a cooperative team to
produce a product or service;
SPV.02 -
produce, assemble, connect, and operate current equipment and components to
perform specific functions related to communications technology;
SPV.03 -
use appropriate equipment and techniques to communicate, describe, and market
solutions to communications technology problems;
ICV.03 -
describe the career opportunities available in the communications technology
sector immediately on graduation from high school;
ICV.04 -
identify the employability skills required to be successful in the workplace.
Specific
Expectations
SP1.01 -
demonstrate the interpersonal skills required for effective teamwork;
SP1.02 -
develop the time management and problem-solving skills required to complete
projects;
SP2.01 -
use appropriate techniques to model and communicate project ideas, materials,
and specifications;
SP2.02 - demonstrate the skills required to
complete communications technology projects, both independently and in a group;
SP3.03 -
use industry-standard guidelines, conventions, and rules for composition and
design;
SP4.02 -
use appropriate language in reports and presentations;
IC1.01 -
describe the social, environmental, and economic effects of technological
advancements in the communications sector.
Ontario
Catholic School Graduate Expectations
CGE2a -
listens actively and critically to understand and learn in light of gospel
values;
CGE2b -
reads, understands, and uses written materials effectively;
CGE2c -
presents information and ideas clearly and honestly and with sensitivity to
others;
CGE3b -
creates, adapts, and evaluates new ideas in light of the common good;
CGE3c -
thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems;
CGE4b -
demonstrates flexibility and adaptability;
CGE4e -
sets appropriate goals and priorities in school, work, and personal life;
CGE4f -
applies effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time, and
resource management skills;
CGE5e -
respects the rights, responsibilities, and contributions of self and others;
CGE5g -
achieves excellence, originality, and integrity in ones own work and supports
these qualities in the work of others;
CGE7b -
accepts accountability for ones own actions;
CGE7j -
contributes to the common good.
Career
Exploration
·
Students
possess an understanding of Communications Technology and an awareness of
various technologies and careers.
·
An
understanding of the services provided by the Student Services/Guidance
Department.
Career
Presentation
·
Students
possess a sound understanding of Communications Technology topics that have
been covered throughout this profile and an awareness of various technologies
and careers from research data.
·
Students
possess an understanding of presentation techniques and skills developed
throughout each unit, including use of media equipment.
·
Students
keep a log sheet, recording brief notes of their accomplishments each day and
outlining any future needs that this activity requires.
·
The
career exploration is run concurrently with the other four units in this
profile and must be reinforced at the start of each unit.
·
Students
should also be reminded at the start of each unit that their Student Manuals
should include career research information for the unit. The content is used to
complete their career presentation at the completion of the course (see
Appendix 4.2a). Consult with the Student Services/Guidance Department on
existing school-based career planning initiatives.
·
The
teacher arranges access to various occupational research software programs
available in the school: Choices, Career
Explorer, Career Gateway, and MazeMaster.
·
The
teacher encourages attitudes and values, founded on Catholic social teachings,
which promote social responsibility, human solidarity, and the common good.
Career
Exploration
·
The
teacher begins by discussing the need for students to plan their future
academic and career endeavours. In this discussion, point out that there are
tools to help them plan, such as Individual Education Plans, documentation of
personal assessments regarding interests and skills, and a portfolio of their
work to demonstrate particular skills.
·
The
teacher introduces the Career Exploration project and outlines how it is an
ongoing project that culminates at the end of the course with a final
presentation. Provide samples of past work.
·
The
teacher outlines how the research component of their Student Manuals must be
kept up-to-date throughout the activities; (it is checked for completion at the
end of each unit) (see Appendix 4.2a).
·
Links
to the student portfolio, which is created as each unit is completed, and the
final career presentation should be addressed at this point.
·
Exemplar
work added to the portfolio helps demonstrate particular skills that students
possess.
·
The
teacher administers aptitude/interest inventories that outline the students
possible career areas. Consider inventories such as on-line programs (Career Gateway, The Edge), CD-delivered
packages (Choices, Career Explorer),
and paper-based traditional inventories (Strong-Campbell
Jackson Vocational Inventory, Harrington-OShea Career Decision-Making System
available through Student Services/Guidance Department).
·
Students
complete the inventories and summarize possible career areas of interest. These
inventories are an inquiry of students interests and skills. Forms are
assessed for completion only. (Teachers may wish to comment on each students
forms and have a follow-up discussion on the skills they have, skills they need
to develop, and how to develop them.)
·
Forms
are returned to students and placed in Student Manuals for future reference.
·
This
exercise may be repeated at the end of the course. Differences between before
and after can then be discussed.
·
Throughout
unit activities, students gather required career research data to include in
Student Manuals. They access occupational research software (Choices, Bridges: Career Explorer, Career
Gateway, and Mazemaster) for
further research and visit and use the resource materials in the school
Guidance/Career Education centre and Library/Resource Centre.
·
Students
create a list of available career/life-planning resources (human, print,
technological) and research other sources of information (e.g., local youth
employment centre, Human Resources Development Canada, Ontario Ministry of
Education).
·
Students
collect exemplars from all activities for inclusion in their portfolio.
Career
Presentation
·
The
teacher reviews with students the requirements of the Career Exploration
project and presentation techniques and skills covered in previous units.
·
Students,
by this point, have developed detailed Student Manuals including
self-assessments, results from inventories, and career information. They use
the information from their Student Manuals to select a career area of interest.
·
Students
may once again access occupational research software (Choices, Bridges: Career Explorer, Career Gateway, and Mazemaster) to further research career
options.
·
Students
may work with other students who have similar career interests.
·
Students
develop storyboards that diagram the project frame by frame.
·
Basic
set-up and correct handling procedures for equipment and software is
demonstrated by the teacher through a series of small-group lessons as new
equipment is required (e.g., cameras and scanners at the start, a projector or
CD burner for the final output).
·
Students
complete a series of exercises reinforcing the safe and correct use of all
equipment, software, and basic techniques and options that the equipment and
software provides.
·
Students
are now at the editing/authoring stage, which includes constructing,
collecting, and editing all raw materials (text, photos, sound, and video) to
be used in the project. Using these materials and desktop video or
presentation/multimedia software, students can create multimedia projects based
on their storyboard guide.
·
The
teacher discusses the output options available for the completed work and
students decide on the format best suited to their needs (traditional print to
video and other means of electronic distribution CDs/Internet).
·
The
teacher allows opportunities for students to practise their presentations.
·
Students
present their career topic to the class.
·
Teachers
facilitate the presentations and the marking with a rubric (Appendix 4.2b) and
involve students in a related class discussion upon completion of each
presentation (time permitting).
Diagnostic assessment:
·
completion
of personal interests and skills inventories (see Resources).
Formative assessment:
·
roving
conferences throughout each unit to discuss research progress with all
students;
·
career
research checklists;
·
personal
interest and skills inventories and self-assessment exercises at the completion
of the course (see Resources).
Summative assessment:
·
career-based
research paper;
·
completed
career presentation that combines teacher and student feedback using a
class-created rubric or Appendix 4.2b;
·
student
portfolios.
·
Teachers
should be acquainted with Individual Education Plans (IEPs) and their unique
learning characteristics in order to make the necessary accommodations.
·
Portfolios
should be individualized to reflect accommodations made throughout all units.
·
Students
may work in pairs when they complete the forms.
·
Allow
more time for students to fill out their forms.
·
Modify
the presentation format for students who require an alternate mode of
presentation.
·
Peer
tutors assist students with special needs when handling equipment.
·
Students
with special needs can be given appropriate timelines for completion.
·
Peer
tutoring is given to those students who need extra help.
General
Teacher-developed
resources including handouts, worksheets, and activity sheets
College,
university, and private institution course calendars
Government
publications such as Horizons (available in the Student Services/Guidance
Departments many are moving to electronic versions)
School
Student Services/Guidance Departments
The school Library/Resource Centre
Student exemplars
Software
tutorials and manuals
CD-ROMs
Career Cruising. Licensed by the Ministry of
Education from Anaca Technologies.
Choices 2000. Licensed by the Ministry of Education.
Information Systems Management, 1998.
Books
Fleck,
Tim, et al. HyperStudio for Terrified
Teachers. Huntington Beach, CA: Teacher Created Materials, Inc., 1997. ISBN
1-5569-0180-7
Ministry
of Education and Training. And Finally I
Did Get a Job. Ontario: Queens Printer for Ontario, 1998.
Ministry
of Education and Training. The Edge.
Ontario: Queens Printer for Ontario, 1998.
Misener,
J. and S. Kearns. Expanding Your Horizons.
Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, 1993.
ISBN 0-0755-1392-7
Misener,
J. and S. Butler. Exploring Your Horizons.
Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, 1998.
ISBN 0-0755-2864-9
Rathbone,
Andy. Multimedia & CD-ROMs for
Dummies. Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., 1997. ISBN
1-5688-4225-2
Szeto,
Gong, et al. Designing Interactive
Websites. USA: Hayden Books, 1997. ISBN 1-5683-0311-4
Technical
Learning Resources Editorial Staff. Get
Going with PowerPoint 97 for Windows. New York: Technical Learning
Resources Inc., 1997. ISBN 1-8873-9117-7
Wilhelm,
Jeffery, et al. Hyperlearning: Where
Projects, Inquiry, and Technology Meet. USA: Stenhouse Publishing, 1998.
ISBN 1-5711-0054-7
Wolfgram,
Douglas E. Creating Multimedia
Presentations. USA: Que Corporation, 1994.
ISBN 1-5652-9667-2
Websites
Career
Explorer http://cdn.cx.bridges.com/explorer/student.htm
This website has self-assessments, interest inventories, a resume writing
template, and career and postsecondary information.
Career
Gateway http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/career/
This site provides a starting point for the exploration of many on-line career
and employment options. It provides links to many career-based sites.
Human
Resources Development Canada (HRDC) http://www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/
This is the national site and home page. Numerous career options as well as
links to related sites. Examples include: Work/Jobs, a listing of job and
learning opportunities, work searches, etc. Learning Opportunities, including
self-assessment links (Career Match Up, Career Directions, Job Futures,
The Edge Youth Magazine), learning
and training programs, and financial assistance programs.
Job
Find 2000 http://www.jobfind2000.com
Youth employment information
MazeMaster
(Human Resources Development Canada) http://www.mazemaster.com
This site offers a wide variety of access points to employment opportunities.
Ontario
College Application Centre http://www.ocas.on.ca/ocas/
Information on College applications
Ontario
Universities Application Centre http://www.ouac.on.ca/osca/
Information on University applications
The Edge
http://www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/career-carriere/edge/home.shtml
On-line youth magazine with career information. Job Trek game is a good source
for choosing a career. Excellent links to youth-related career sites.
SchoolNet
http://www.schoolnet.ca
A lengthy list of websites related to the Internet and the teaching of
Technology.
TV
Ontario (uChoose Program) http://www.uchoose.tvo.org or
http://www2.tvo.org/uchoose/eduprog/
A site to help you choose the right college or university program. Complete
listing of colleges and universities with links to related sites and program,
admission, and housing information.
WebMonkey
http://www.webmonkey.com
An interactive site that provides tutorials, tips, and articles on authoring,
multimedia, design, e-business, programming, backend, and jobs.
Young
Canada Works http://www.pch.gc.ca
Youth employment information
Youth
Resource Network of Canada http://www.youth.gc.ca/jobopps/summer_e.shtml
Youth employment information
Time: 600 minutes
This unit
gives students the opportunity to further develop their web design skills. In
small groups, students choose a school co-curricular activity and create a
multi-page, multimedia web design that utilizes a variety of linking
techniques. Emphasis is placed on design principles, timing, and needs analysis
of the end user. The web designs are uploaded as links to the school web page.
Students present all information and ideas clearly and honestly with
sensitivity to others.
Strand(s): Theory and Foundation, Skills and Processes, Impact
and Consequences
Overall
Expectations
TFV.01 -
apply the design process to develop solutions, products, processes, or services
in response to simple challenges or problems in electronic, live, recorded, or
graphic communications;
TFV.02 -
identify the mechanical and electronic characteristics of the components and
processes required to produce a product or a service in communications
technology;
TFV.03 -
demonstrate an understanding of electronic, live, recorded, and graphic
communications systems;
SPV.01 -
function effectively as individuals and as members of a cooperative team to
produce a product or service;
SPV.02 -
produce, assemble, connect, and operate current equipment and components to
perform specific functions related to communications technology;
ICV.03 -
describe the career opportunities available in the communications technology
sector immediately on graduation from high school;
ICV.04 -
identify the employability skills required to be successful in the workplace.
Specific
Expectations
TF1.02 - apply the following steps of the
design process to solve a variety of simple communications technology
challenges or problems:
- identify what has to
be accomplished (the problem);
- gather and record
information, and establish a plan of procedures;
- brainstorm a list of
as many solutions as possible;
- identify the resources required
for each suggested solution, and compare each solution to the design criteria,
refining and modifying it as required;
- evaluate the solutions (e.g., by
testing, modelling, and documenting results) and choose the best one;
- produce a drawing, model, or
prototype of the best solution;
- evaluate the prototype and what is
required to produce it;
- communicate the solution, using
one or more of the following: final drawings, technical reports, electronic
presentations, flow charts, storyboards, mock-ups, prototypes, and so on;
- obtain feedback on the final
solution and repeat the design process if necessary to refine or improve the
solution;
TF2.01 -
explain the processes and components (e.g., photography, desktop publishing,
printing, web-page creation) used in current communications technology;
TF2.02 -
explain different methods of storing and retrieving information and the
advantages of each;
TF2.03 -
explain how digitization is used for print, audio, video, recording, and
photographic media and in the transfer of data;
TF3.01 -
define the terminology used in the areas of electronic, live, recorded, and
graphic communications;
SP1.02 -
develop the time management and problem-solving skills required to complete
projects;
SP2.01 -
use appropriate techniques to model and communicate project ideas, materials,
and specifications;
SP2.02 -
demonstrate the skills required to complete communications technology projects,
both independently and in a group;
SP3.03 -
use industry-standard guidelines, conventions, and rules for composition and
design.
Ontario
Catholic School Graduate Expectations
CGE2a -
listens actively and critically to understand and learn in light of gospel
values;
CGE2b -
reads, understands, and uses written materials effectively;
CGE2c -
presents information and ideas clearly and honestly and with sensitivity to
others;
CGE2e -
uses and integrates the Catholic faith tradition, in the critical analysis of
the arts, media, technology, and information systems to enhance the quality of
life;
CGE3b -
creates, adapts, and evaluates new ideas in light of the common good;
CGE3c -
thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems;
CGE3e -
adopts a holistic approach to life by integrating learning from various subject
areas and experience;
CGE4b -
demonstrates flexibility and adaptability;
CGE4f -
applies effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time, and
resource management skills;
CGE5a -
works effectively as an interdependent team member;
CGE5e -
respects the rights, responsibilities, and contributions of self and others;
CGE5g -
achieves excellence, originality, and integrity in ones own work and supports
these qualities in the work of others;
CGE7b -
accepts accountability for ones own actions;
CGE7j -
contributes to the common good.
·
computer
literacy skills
·
understanding
of composing and capturing still images (Unit 3)
·
understanding
of capturing and editing digital video (Unit 3)
·
understanding
of the principles of design and how they may be applied to the project (Unit 1)
·
cooperative
teamwork and organizational skills
·
Students
keep a daily log sheet, recording brief notes of their accomplishments each day
and outlining any future needs that this activity requires.
·
Create
an overhead, handout, or on-line resource on the Basics of Web Authoring and
Design (HTML).
·
Create
an overhead, handout, or on-line resource with a list of all co-curricular
activities offered at the school.
·
Create
a tutorial handout or on-line tutorial that demonstrate the basics of the
web-authoring tools and methods for incorporating audio and motion graphics.
·
Teacher
moderators of individual co-curricular activities should be invited to
participate in the process of collecting resources and critiquing student
works.
·
Provide
the opportunity for students to focus on specific career options and provide
insights into the skills required for related professions.
·
Teaching/learning
strategies that allow for career links should be investigated (e.g., job
shadowing, career and education research, field trips, and guest speakers).
Arrange for appropriate speakers, whose careers are related to the graphical
display industry, to share their education and career paths with students.
Members of the community may provide students with some insights into career
opportunities and issues.
·
The
teacher encourages attitudes and values, founded on Catholic social teachings,
which promote social responsibility, human solidarity, and the common good.
·
The
teacher introduces the project by questioning the class on the meaning of
community. The class discusses types of community and the importance of participation
in a community. As the discussion moves to the concept of school as community,
students may share their school co-curricular experiences with the class.
·
The
teacher hands out a list of co-curricular activities offered at the school.
·
The
teacher shows examples of good web pages, including the school web page, and
discusses the importance of design principles, timing, motion graphics, audio,
interaction, navigation, and the needs of the end user.
·
Students
create thumbnail sketches of their multi-page website, charting link
relationships.
·
Students
select partners with common co-curricular interests and research, gather, and
create resources needed to highlight their selected co-curricular activity.
·
The
teacher may use a computer projection system to demonstrate the basics of
web-authoring tool and methods for incorporating audio and motion graphics.
Students work through teacher-designed exercises designed to familiarize
themselves with the process.
·
The
teacher provides students with a handout summarizing the features and steps of
the software.
·
On
a need-to-know basis, the teacher reviews audio, video, graphic, animation,
compression, and streaming software packages and the use of studio equipment.
·
Students
use a work log and portfolio throughout the development process and conference
with the teacher to brainstorm suggestions for improving their site.
·
Students
upload their site and link it to the school web page.
·
Teacher
moderators of individual co-curricular activities should be invited for final
critique sessions. Students are encouraged to conference with teacher
moderators and activity participants/team players throughout the design
process.
Diagnostic assessment of students research skills,
log/journal, and portfolio:
·
personal
communication through teacher/student conferencing;
·
performance
assessment of checklists.
Summative assessment of worksheets:
·
personal
communication teacher/student conferencing.
Summative assessment of finished project (website and
website with audio/video):
·
performance
assessment of finished project.
Summative assessment of the concepts and techniques
utilized in this activity:
·
paper
and pencil unit test.
·
Teachers
should be acquainted with Individual Education Plans (IEPs) and their unique
learning characteristics in order to make the necessary accommodations.
·
Students
with special needs can be given appropriate timelines for completion.
·
Peer
tutoring is given to those students who need extra help.
·
Student-to-student
discussion and teacher-to-student conferencing should be given throughout the
project.
·
Peer
tutors assist students with special needs when handling equipment.
·
Students
use AutoContent Wizard to design a presentation.
·
For
enrichment, students may design the framework for the school web page if one
does not exist or redesign/upgrade/update the existing school web page.
·
For
enrichment, students may design the main co-curricular link/splash page.
General
Teacher-developed
resources including handouts, worksheets, and activity sheets
Student
exemplars
Manufacturers
equipment manuals
Software
manuals and tutorial exercises
Various
samples of activity project work
The
school Library/Resource Centre
Books
Aaland,
Mikkel. Photoshop for the Web. USA:
OReilly & Associates, 1999. ISBN 1565926412
Andres,
Clay. Web Architecture Studio Secrets.
USA: IDG Books Worldwide, 1999. ISBN 0764532464
Dean,
Damon. FrontPage 2000 for Dummies Quick
Reference. New York: IDG Books Worldwide, 1999.
ISBN 0-7645-0499-1
Gray,
Daniel. Looking Good on the Web. USA:
Coriolisopen Press, 1999. ISBN 1576105083
Hyman,
Michael. Dynamic Html for Dummies, 2nd ed. Toronto: Harper Collins
Canada, 1998.
ISBN 0-7645-0467-3
Levine-Young, Margaret, John Levine, and Carol
Baroudi. The Internet for Dummies.
New York: IDG Books Worldwide, 1998. ISBN 0-76450-506-8
Maran,
Ruth. Creating Web Pages with HTML:
Simplified. Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., 1999. ISBN:
0-7645-6067-0
McCanna,
Laurie. Creating Great Web Graphics.
USA: Henry Holt Company, 1997. ISBN 1558285504
Navarro,
Ann. Effective Web Design, 2nd Edition. USA: Sybex Inc., 2000.
ISBN 0782128491
Taylor,
Dave. Creating Cool Web Pages with HTML.
Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., 1995. ISBN 1-5688-4705-X
Weadock,
Glenn. Intranet Publishing for Dummies.
New York: IDG Books Worldwide, 1997.
ISBN
0-7645-0222-0
Websites
CNET
Builder.com-Web Graphics
http://www.builder.com/Graphics/Graphics101/?tag=st.cn.sr1.dir
Tutorials on various technology skills as well as how to create classroom or
school web pages.
Apple
Web Page Construction Site http://ali.apple.com/als/wpcs/
Tutorials on various technology skills as well as how to create classroom or
school web pages.
How
Stuff Works http://www.howstuffworks.com
Information on the workings of the Internet, websites, etc.
Learning
Space Foundation http://www.learningspace.org/tech/tech.html
Tutorials on various technology skills as well as how to create classroom or
school web pages.
SchoolNet
http://www.schoolnet.ca
A lengthy list of websites related to the Internet and the teaching of
technology.
Web
Developer http://www.webdeveloper.com/design/
Tutorials on various technology skills as well as how to create classroom or
school web pages.
Webmonkey
http://www.webmonkey.com
Tutorials, tips, and articles on authoring, multimedia, design, HTML, and Java
Script.
Time: 300 minutes
This
independent unit allows students to apply their knowledge of multimedia and
select appropriate software resources required to create an interactive
portfolio/resume. Students are encouraged to include interactivity and a
maximum number of media, (video, audio, animated graphics, photography, and text),
while maintaining an elegant and sophisticated user interface. Throughout this
activity, students reflect upon the need for self-promotion and their role as
Christians outside of the school environment.
Strand(s): Theory and Foundation, Skills and Processes, Impact
and Consequences
Overall
Expectations
TFV.03 -
demonstrate an understanding of electronic, live, recorded, and graphic
communications systems;
SPV.02 -
produce, assemble, connect, and operate current equipment and components to
perform specific functions related to communications technology;
SPV.03 -
use appropriate equipment and techniques to communicate, describe, and market
solutions to communications technology problems;
ICV.04 -
identify the employability skills required to be successful in the workplace.
Specific
Expectations
TF2.02 -
explain different methods of storing and retrieving information and the
advantages of each;
TF2.03 -
explain how digitization is used for print, audio, video, recording, and
photographic media and in the transfer of data;
TF2.09 -
explain how different materials and components are converted or assembled to
make finished products;
SP1.01 -
demonstrate the interpersonal skills required for effective teamwork;
SP1.02 -
develop the time management and problem-solving skills required to complete
projects;
SP1.03 -
accurately document planning and production processes;
SP1.04 -
effectively apply a variety of planning tools (e.g., storyboards, flow charts,
schematic diagrams);
SP1.05 -
select and use appropriate software to manage the production process;
SP1.06 -
use time management schemes to ensure that their productions meet client
deadlines;
SP2.01 -
use appropriate techniques to model and communicate project ideas, materials,
and specifications;
SP2.02 -
demonstrate the skills required to complete communications technology projects,
both independently and in a group;
SP3.01 -
use a variety of methods to document the planning and production processes;
SP3.03 -
use industry-standard guidelines, conventions, and rules for composition and
design;
SP4.02 -
use appropriate language in reports and presentations;
IC3.01 -
identify career opportunities in the communications sector;
IC3.02 -
describe the prerequisites for employment in communications sector careers and
assess their own aptitude for such careers;
IC3.03 -
identify the employability skills that employers seek in potential employees;
IC3.04 -
explain the importance of lifelong learning for individuals in the
communications technology sector.
Ontario
Catholic School Graduate Expectations
CGE2b -
reads, understands, and uses written materials effectively;
CGE2c -
presents information and ideas clearly and honestly and with sensitivity to
others;
CGE2e -
uses and integrates the Catholic faith tradition, in the critical analysis of
the arts, media, and technology and information systems to enhance the quality
of life;
CGE3b -
creates, adapts, and evaluates new ideas in light of the common good;
CGE3c -
thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems;
CGE3e -
adopts a holistic approach to life by integrating learning from various subject
areas and experience;
CGE4a -
demonstrates a confident and positive sense of self and respect for the dignity
and welfare of others;
CGE4b -
demonstrates flexibility and adaptability;
CGE4e -
sets appropriate goals and priorities in school, work, and personal life;
CGE4f -
applies effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time, and
resource management skills;
CGE5a -
works effectively as an interdependent team member;
CGE5g -
achieves excellence, originality, and integrity in ones own work and supports
these qualities in the work of others;
CGE7b -
accepts accountability for ones own actions;
CGE7j -
contributes to the common good.
·
familiarity
with the operation of a computer
·
basic
understanding of presentation techniques
·
use
of media equipment for presentations
·
Assemble
materials required for demonstrating how a portfolio and/or a resume should be
assembled. Consult with the Student Services/Guidance Department on how to
prepare a resume.
·
Students
should collect exemplars that they have done or items that are a permanent
record of an accomplishment.
·
The
teacher encourages attitudes and values, founded on Catholic social teachings,
which promote social responsibility, human solidarity and the common good.
·
Students
should be made aware of items that should be included in their
resume/portfolio.
·
The
teacher shows the different formats for resume writing and how they may be
adapted to an interactive format.
·
The
teacher demonstrates how to take the students accomplishments and convert them
to an electronic medium; they can then be used in an interactive presentation
or a web display.
·
Students
should understand the various file types (e.g., tiff, gif, jpeg, bitmap, pict,
targa, wav, midi, mp3, etc.) and how they may be used in the interactive
presentation.
·
The
teacher demonstrates the process of scanning, storing, and converting files.
·
The
teacher provides samples of past work. Exemplar work, added to the portfolio,
demonstrates particular skills that students possess. Students collect
exemplars from all their work for inclusion in their portfolio as they progress
through the course.
·
Students
participate in class discussion of the presentation material
·
The
teacher should list some of the things that a student might include in their
portfolio:
· certificates and report cards;
· badges, letters of recommendation, and certificates;
· photographs, video or audio tapes, written reports, articles, and letters.
·
Students
present their interactive portfolio/resume to the class.
Formative assessment:
·
roving
conferences throughout each unit to discuss research progress with all
students.
Summative assessment:
·
Students
are evaluated on their ability to present their information in a clear and
organized manner.
·
Student
Portfolios are examined for content and organization.
·
Teachers
should be acquainted with Individual Education Plans (IEPs) and their unique
learning characteristics in order to make the necessary accommodations.
·
Portfolios
should be individualized to reflect accommodations.
·
Allow
more time for students to collect and assemble their materials.
Teacher-developed resources including handouts,
worksheets and activity sheets
College, university and private institution
course calendars
School Guidance/Student Services Departments
The
school Library/Resource Centre
Student
exemplars
Books
Benford,
Tom. Introducing Desktop Video. NY:
MIS Press, 1995. ISBN 1-55828-415-X
Campbell,
Judith, Kelly Hoey, and Anne Clifton. Careers
10. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada Inc., 2000. ISBN 0-13-031505-2
Greenberg,
Adele and Seth Greenberg. Digital Images,
A Practical Guide. USA: Osbourne McGraw-Hill, 1995. ISBN 0-07-882113-4
Misener,
Judi and Susan Butler. Horizons 2000.
Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ltd., 2000. ISBN 0-07-087411-5
Misener,
Judi and S. Kearns. Expanding Your
Horizons. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ltd., 2000.
ISBN 0-07-088843-9
Plue,
Leo, Warren Palmer, and Cheryl Karakokkinos. Careers Today and Tomorrow. Toronto: Irwin Publishing Ltd., 2000.
ISBN 0-7725-2852-7
Magazines
Digital Imaging. New York: Cygnus Publishing.
Digital Video. USA: Miller Freeman Publications.
New Media.pro. Toronto: Southam Inc.
DigitalFoto. USA, CA: Image Media Inc.
Camcorder & ComputerVideo. USA, CA: Miller Magazines Inc.
PCMagazine. New York: PcMagazine Inc.
Websites
Canadian
Careers http://www.CanadianCareers.com
Career education, information, and resume writing. Links to other related
sites.
Jobstar
http://jobstar.org/index.htm
Resume writing and career guides. Links to other related sites.
eResumes
and Resources http://www.eresumes.com/gallery.html
Portfolio and resume writing information. Links to other related sites.
Job
Searching: Canada http://jobsearchcanada.about.com/
Portfolio and resume writing information. Links to other related sites.
|
Categories |
Needs Improvement |
Fair |
Good |
Excellent |
|
Content |
|
|
|
|
|
Research/storyboard |
|
|
|
|
|
Spelling/grammar |
|
|
|
|
|
Technical
design |
|
|
|
|
|
Graphics |
|
|
|
|
|
Animation |
|
|
|
|
|
Digital
images |
|
|
|
|
|
Audio |
|
|
|
|
|
Design/creativity |
|
|
|
|
|
Effectiveness
of the presentation |
|
|
|
|
Suggestions
for improvement:
·
Students
are reminded that this process must be ongoing throughout the course. Research
is checked for completion at the end of each unit.
·
Use
a variety of resources to investigate the careers related to the Communications
Technology field in each of the activities studied.
·
Use
traditional sources (print material) and electronic sources (Internet/CD-ROMs)
in your research.
·
Each
unit should have its own section of Careers Research.
·
Place
your research in your Student Manual.
·
If
storing your research electronically, make note of its location and filename
for teacher access.
The following is a guide to use when collecting your
research information. The teacher has both a paper copy for you to duplicate
and an electronic version that you can add to on the computer.
Student
Name: _________________________________________
Unit
#: ____ Unit Title:
________________________________
1. Name of Career being investigated:
2. Description of Job:
3. Personal Qualities/Skills required for the
job:
4. Working Conditions:
5. Educational Training/Requirements:
6. Income (to start and potential income):
7. Future Outlook for Career Field:
Please
list the source of your research:
|
Criteria |
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
Level 4 |
|
Knowledge/
Understanding ICV.03 |
-
demonstrates limited ability to identify technology-based careers |
-
demonstrates some ability to identify technology-based careers |
-
demonstrates considerable ability to identify technology-based careers |
-
demonstrates exceptional ability to identify technology-based careers |
|
ICV.03 |
-
demonstrates limited ability to describe educational requirements of selected
careers |
-
demonstrates some ability to describe educational requirements of selected
careers |
-
demonstrates considerable ability to describe educational requirements of
selected careers |
- demonstrates
exceptional ability to describe educational requirements of selected careers |
|
TFV.04 |
-
describes few technological activities supported by communications technology |
-
describes some technological activities supported by communications
technology |
-
describes many technological activities supported by communications
technology |
-
describes a thorough list of technological activities supported by
communications technology |
|
Thinking/Inquiry TFV.04 |
-
demonstrates limited ability to investigate methods of communicating ideas |
-
demonstrates some ability to investigate methods of communicating ideas |
-
demonstrates considerable ability to investigate methods of communicating
ideas |
-
demonstrates exceptional ability to investigate methods of communicating
ideas |
|
Communication ICV.03 |
-
demonstrates limited ability to share information using media tools and a
variety of technologies |
-
demonstrates some ability to share information using media tools and a
variety of technologies |
-
demonstrates considerable ability to share information using media tools and
a variety of technologies |
-
demonstrates exceptional ability to share information using media tools and a
variety of technologies |
|
Application IC3.03 |
- demonstrates limited understanding of how
technology affects selected careers |
- demonstrates some understanding of how
technology affects selected careers |
- demonstrates considerable understanding of
how technology affects selected careers |
- demonstrates thorough understanding of how
technology affects selected careers |
|
OCSGD CGE5b |
-
demonstrates limited ability to think critically about the meaning and
purpose of work |
-
demonstrates some ability to think critically about the meaning and purpose
of work |
-
demonstrates considerable ability to think critically about the meaning and
purpose of work |
-
demonstrates exceptional ability to think critically about the meaning and
purpose of work |
|
OCSGD CGE2c |
-
demonstrates limited ability to present ideas clearly and honestly |
-
demonstrates some ability to present ideas clearly and honestly |
- demonstrates
considerable ability to present ideas clearly and honestly |
-
demonstrates exceptional ability to present ideas clearly and honestly |
Note: A student whose achievement is below level 1
(50%) has not met the expectations for this assignment or activity.