Course Profile   Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Grade 11, College Preparation, Catholic and Public

 

Unit 1:  Project Engineering and Management

Time:  32 hours

 

Activity 1.1 | Activity 1.2 | Activity 1.3 | Activity 1.4 | Activity 1.5 | Activity 1.6

Unit Description

Throughout the course students apply the design process to develop solutions, products, processes, and process controls to solve a variety of manufacturing challenges or problems. Project engineering and management is an integral part of the design process. In this unit, students are introduced to product research and design; material properties, testing, and selection; process planning; production scheduling; and cost analysis. Using the design process and engineering standards, students demonstrate their knowledge of the concepts required to design, prototype, analyse, plan, and prepare a product idea for its production. In evaluating product ideas, emphasis is placed on testing and prototyping. The skills and knowledge acquired in this unit can then be applied to other projects in the following units.

Technology, when placed at the service of God’s people, is to be developed for the benefit of all. Students develop an appreciation of the importance of decision-making based on Gospel values. Emphasis is placed on giving students a general understanding of Manufacturing and how our Catholic faith influences moral decision-making using an informed conscience. The designers and planners of the future must create, adapt, and evaluate new ideas in light of the common good with consideration of the impact to the socio-economic well-being of the region, province, and nation.

Unit Synopsis Chart

Activity

Time

Expectations

Assessment

Focus

1.1: Project Research

120 min

TFV.01, SPV.04, ICV.01, TF1.01, TF1.02, TF2.05, TF2.07, SP5.01, IC1.02

CGE1d, CGE2b, CGE2c, CGE4f, CGE4g, CGE5e

Application

Knowledge/ Understanding

Communication

Technological Systems

Manufacturing Systems

Design Process

Product Research

Group Dynamics

1.2: Developing Presentation and Working Drawings of the Wind-powered Generator

840 min

TFV.01, SPV.04, ICV.02, ICV.04, TF1.02, SP1.04, SP3.02, SP4.02, SP4.03, SP4.05, IC2.01, IC3.04

CGE2b, CGE2c, CGE3b, CGE4f, CGE5h

Knowledge/ Understanding

Thinking/
Inquiry

Application

Communication

Learning Skills

Sketch Development

Elements and Principles of Design

Engineering Graphics

Presentation Drawings

Working Drawings

Assembly Drawings

Bill of Material

CAD

1.3: Material Properties, Testing, and Selection

300 min

TFV.01, TFV.02, SPV.04, ICV.02, TF2.01, TF2.02, TF2.03, TF2.04, TF2.05, SP5.03, IC1.02, IC2.01

CGE1d, CGE2b, CGE2d, CGE4a, CGE7i

Thinking/
Inquiry

Communication

Material Identification, Selection, Properties, Testing, and Conditioning

Environmental Impact

1.4: Modelling and Prototyping

180 min

TFV.01, TFV.02, SPV.04, ICV.02, TF1.02, SP1.05, IC2.01

CGE2a, CGE2c, CGE4b, CGE3b

Application

Communication

Types of Models

Modelling Techniques

Selecting Material

Building Prototypes

1.5: Developing Process Control Charts and Production Planning

300 min

TFV.01, TFV.03, TFV.04, SPV.01, SPV.03, TF1.02, SP1.01, SP1.02, SP1.03, SP4.01, IC2.02

CGE2b, CGE2c, CGE4b, CGE7i

Thinking/
Inquiry

Communication

Application

Planning and Organizing Activities

Production Flow Charts

Control Systems

Develop Project Management Systems

1.6: Cost Estimating and Analysis

180 min

SPV.04, SPV.05, SP1.01, SP4.04, SP4.06, SP5.01, SP5.03

CGE1d, CGE2c, CGE4b, CGE4f, CGE4g, CGE5c

Communication

Application

Knowledge/ Understanding

Learning Skills

Estimating Process

Product Cost Estimates

Process Cost Estimates

 

Activity 1.1:  Project Research

Time:  120 minutes

Description

Students learn how to use a variety of media resources and research techniques to explore manufacturing processes and project ideas in preparation for the construction of a wind generator. Emphasis is placed on the design and construction process requirements as well as overall functionality (e.g., power generation). Guided by their God-given talents and the Catholic faith tradition, students discuss and consider how the project benefits the environment and contributes to the common good of others in a positive manner.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE1d - develop attitudes and values founded on Catholic social teaching and acts to promote social responsibility, human solidarity and the common good;

CGE2b - read, understand, and use written materials effectively;

CGE2c - present information and ideas clearly and honestly with sensitivity to others;

CGE4f - apply effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time and resource management skills;

CGE4g - examine and reflect on one’s personal values, abilities and aspirations influencing life’s choices and opportunities;

CGE5e - respect the rights, responsibilities and contribution of self and others.

Overall Expectations

TFV.01 - apply the design process to develop solutions, products, processes, or services in response to challenges or problems in manufacturing technology;

SPV.04 - use effective techniques to model and communicate product ideas, materials, and specifications;

ICV.01 - demonstrate an ability to make informed decisions concerning the social, economic, and environmental consequences and impact of the manufacturing sector.

Specific Expectations

TF1.01 - explain how a human need or want can be met through a new or improved product;

TF1.02 - apply the following steps of the design process to solve a variety of manufacturing technology challenges or problems:

- identify what has to be accomplished (the problem);

- gather and record information, and establish a plan of procedures;

TF2.05 - identify factors that affect material selection;

TF2.07 - describe the advantages of using a variety of materials, such as different species of woods, metals and alloys, plastics, earth materials, and composite materials;

SP5.01 - explain the technological systems approach and how it relates to manufacturing: inputs (materials, labour, capital), processes (material processing), and outputs (for industry or the consumer market);

IC1.02 - describe the impact of manufacturing activity on the environment and identify a variety of materials, processes, and waste management methods to minimize negative impact.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Students should have:

·         group working skills (cooperative learning techniques from elementary and an understanding of personal responsibilities assigned by group);

·         Internet research skills and keyboarding skills (some knowledge of word-processing software, presentation software, and the Internet is an asset);

·         Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology (TMJ2O) will be an asset.

Planning Notes

·         Prior to beginning the activity, ask students to define key terms for homework. Terms may include raw materials, research and development, design engineering, prototyping, and high volume vs. low volume production.

·         Have an understanding of the various roles and activities associated with the manufacturing process (e.g., planning, scheduling, plastics forming, and machining) and the basics of electricity and power generation (Ohm’s law, power law, and alternator theory).

·         To enable students to research effectively, provide a list of websites that they can easily access. Check all websites prior to beginning this activity.

·         Provide copies of plans and sketches of the product.

·         Prepare an activity assignment sheet to inform students of the requirements of the final product. Discuss copyright laws and review any data, text, or images that students may wish to copy and/or print. As a supplemental activity, the teacher may arrange for a guest speaker(s). Be sure to provide opportunities to discuss ethics and morality of plagiarism and piracy.

·         Lead a round table discussion of Catholic values related to product development and production (e.g., stewardship, human potential, and socio-economic responsibilities).

Teaching/Learning Strategies

The teacher should:

·         convey the information through a variety of strategies such as whole group, brainstorming, and jigsaw, while using a guided practice technique followed by an opportunity for independent practice;

·         explain the technological systems approach and how it relates to manufacturing: inputs (materials, labour, capital), processes (material processing), and outputs (for industry or the consumer market);

·         discuss “key terms” homework assignment (e.g., raw materials, research and development, design engineering, prototyping, high volume production vs. job shops);

·         review the manufacturing and design process and discuss project research plays a role in this process (Appendix G from the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile );

·         review and discuss the role of project research, how it affects the final fabrication of a project, and its effect on the environment, and society as a whole, in light of our Christian responsibilities;

·         discuss various search techniques and the basics of electricity and power generation;

·         review group process (see Appendix J of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile);

·         demonstrate potential avenues to follow to enable all groups to obtain information relevant to their investigation;

·         arrange for students to experience a guest speaker(s) and/or a manufacturing facility tour;

·         provide access to various forms of media and technology;

·         encourage students to reflect upon their research and its relationship to everyday life and how it benefits or harms society;

·         provide an opportunity for the teams to present their findings to the class and how they reflect on their Christian upbringing.

Students should:

·         research, using a variety of resources, (e.g., school Library/Resource Centre, websites, local power companies):

·         vertical and horizontal blade design efficiency;

·         trade-related jobs in manufacturing sector;

·         wind generators past and present;

·         impact on the environment;

·         reliability and economics of design;

·         structures such as towers (TV towers, lookout towers, etc.);

·         provide a summary of their research detailing production activities, material requirements, and how it impacts on the human condition;

·         form teams of two or three students;

·         assign each team member a role, (e.g., note taker).

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Strategies include Personal Communication, Observation, Performance Assessment, and Reflection and are assessed in reference to Appendix 1.1.1 and Appendix A (career research and sample oral presentation) of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile.

Application

·         Each team submits a two-page word-processed summary of their research, which will be used in their project proposal, detailing websites and other media used, project to be constructed, material requirements, fabrication duties, and expected outcomes (e.g., power generated).

Knowledge and Understanding

·         Student’s initiative, Christian leadership, participation in a group, and the ability to discuss the associated Catholic values are assessed.

·         Each team explains and demonstrates their research technique to the instructor.

Communication

·         Reflections: Students self-assess their experiences through a reflective journal entry. The journal entries are evaluated through a rubric evaluation format (Appendix B of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile).

Accommodations

·         Provide peer mentors, 1:1 assistance, varied skill groups, and computer assistance as needed.

·         Allow the finished summary sheet to be presented in a variety of formats; accept oral contributions or point form rather than essay where language is an issue.

·         Selectively group students so that they have support for remediation and/or enrichment.

·         Allow tape-recorded summary if necessary.

·         Allow extra time for the summary sheet.

·         Provide support either verbally and/or with hard copy to ensure students have an understanding of group process and research skills.

·         Review the activity assignment sheet, as appropriate, and monitor progress.

·         Allow the finished research report to be presented in a variety of formats; accept oral contributions or point form rather than essay where language is an issue.

·         Assess students’ research process as the emphasis rather than the final research paper.

·         Provide a sample report to show what is expected as end result.

Resources

Science text/encyclopedia (print and software e.g., Encarta)

Local power generation company

Guest speaker (professional organization, e.g., OACETT, APEO)

School Library/Resource Centre

Websites

Renewable Resource Data Centre – http://rredc.nrel.gov/

The Wind Works – http://www.users.qwest.net/~jaybo/index.htm

Picoturbine – http://www.picoturbine.com/rotorsim.htm

Illustrated History of Wind Power Development – http://telosnet.com/wind/index.html

Home Built Wind Power – http://homepages.enterprise.net/hugh0piggott/books/

Ontario Energy Board – http://www.oeb.gov.on.ca

 

Activity 1.2:  Developing Presentation and Working Drawings of the

Wind-powered Generator

Time:  840 minutes

Description

Students develop a design portfolio package of a wind- powered generator. The portfolio includes design sketches, presentation drawings, and working drawings. As part of a design team, students develop thinking, problem-solving, and graphic communications skills through brainstorming and sketch development of design ideas. Students are encouraged to reflect Gospel values and responsible attitudes as collaborative contributors to the team. This activity is designed to introduce students to a variety of drawing techniques used in the design industry. Students are shown how to sketch objects or ideas using oblique, isometric, perspective, and orthographic representation. Emphasis is placed on understanding the differences between these techniques and when they should be used. Through proper dimensioning and geometric tolerancing of the drawings, students identify production control monitoring strategies. The completed design portfolio can then be used in the production phase (Unit 2) of the manufacturing process.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE2b - read, understand, and use written materials effectively;

CGE2c - present information and ideas clearly and honestly with sensitivity to others;

CGE3b - create, adapt and evaluate new ideas in light of the common good;

CGE4f - apply effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time and resource management skills;

CGE5h - apply skills for employability, self-employment and entrepreneurship relative to Christian vocation.

Overall Expectations

TFV.01 - apply the design process to develop solutions, products, processes, or services in response to challenges or problems in manufacturing technology;

SPV.04 - use effective techniques to model and communicate product ideas, materials, and specifications;

ICV.02 - demonstrate the exemplary practices that are essential to safe work environments and practices;

ICV.04 - describe the career opportunities in manufacturing engineering.

Specific Expectations

TF1.02 - apply the following steps of the design process to solve a variety of manufacturing technology challenges or problems:

- brainstorm a list of as many solutions as possible;

- produce presentation and working drawings, sketches, graphics, mathematical and physical models, or a prototype of the best solution;

- communicate the solution, using one or more of the following: final drawings, graphs, charts, sketches, technical reports, electronic presentations, flow charts, mock-ups, models, prototypes, and so on;

SP1.04 - use appropriate techniques to sketch solutions to scale showing orthographic and isometric views;

SP3.02 - design and implement inventory and production control systems;

SP4.02 - use detailed working drawings and assembly drawings to depict the components of the product or process;

SP4.03 - develop a bill of material that indicates the specifications and quantity of a particular part of the product or process;

SP4.05 - develop appropriate engineering drawings using a computer-aided drawing program;

IC2.01 - apply safe work practices in performing manufacturing-related processes;

IC3.04 - distinguish among the careers of technician, technologist, and engineer and identify the education required for each.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Students should have:

·         previous activity content regarding familiarity of the wind-powered generators;

·         completed the previous activity in developing a design portfolio of a product, selected product material, and planned the production of the product;

·         group work skills;

·         skills in cooperative learning techniques (effective interpersonal skills) and an understanding of personal responsibilities and commitment required for group activities;

·         basic skills in word processing used for journals/log entries;

·         respect for the rights, responsibilities, and contributions of self and others;

·         basic keyboarding skills (knowledge of using the keyboard for CAD drawing development);

·         mathematical skills relevant to drawing accuracy, measurement units, geometric shapes, as well as Cartesian Plane used in learning CAD.

·         Experience from the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology activities would be an asset. This experience will provide students with knowledge of basic sketching and drawing standards as well as an understanding of Computer Aided Design and Drafting;

·         Art courses can also be an asset.

Planning Notes

·         Ask students to define key terms for homework. Terms may include design brief, portfolio, brainstorming, thumbnail sketches, design engineering, presentation drawings, and working drawings.

·         Be sure that all computers are in working order and that the CAD software is functional.

·         Review all activities and prepare all handouts and materials necessary for the delivery of content.

·         The activity is split into stages. The idea development (sketches) stage introduces students to design briefs and sketching techniques. Students progress to the presentation drawing stage where they develop pictorial sketches of the design proposal. The final stage includes detailing the design proposal through the development of working drawings complete with dimensions and geometric tolerances.

·         Consult the Art Department for texts on sketching techniques and books on principles and elements of design if none are available your department. Ask Art instructors to describe their perspectives on the use of principles and elements of design.

·         Consultation with the Computer Science teachers can also be helpful in understanding computer station safety precautions, (e.g., repetitive stress injuries, ergonomics, electromagnetic fields, posture).

·         Create and/or gather teaching aids to act as visual aids when introducing orthographic views. A box with hinged sides will help in discussions of orthographic view development.

·         A variety of simple objects such as wooden blocks cut in geometric shapes can also help. Solicit help from the Construction Technology teachers and students to create these visual aids.

·         Demonstration of drawing techniques can be helpful. Use board or overheads.

·         Prepare handout activities for each stage of the portfolio development.

·         Create posters illustrating these techniques and put them up around the room so students always have something to refer to.

·         Introduce sketching techniques in progression, starting with simple two-dimensional shapes and progressing to three-dimensional representation and the final addition of value and texture. Prepare several practice exercises, selecting components that allow a progression of activities for the same drawings. Students sketch the part, dimension it, add size tolerances, and add geometric tolerances.

·         Graphic communication requires a lot of practice exercises to develop drawing skills, some of which may be completed for homework. Have students complete practice exercises individually. The final portfolio may be completed as design teams consider the number of drawings needed.

·         Prepare individual file folders for students to store all sketches and drawings for future use. Students should also make copies to be used in production stages;

·         As a supplemental activity, arrange for a guest speaker(s) and/or a field trip to a local manufacturer or engineering firm.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

The teacher should:

·         provide a high level of student engagement, interdependence, and conflict-management skills. Monitor progress and provide feedback frequently, emphasizing collaborative and cooperative group efforts in light of Gospel values and keeping in mind the uniqueness and value of each person;

·         review lesson on group dynamics emphasizing collaborative and cooperative group efforts in light of Gospel values (see Appendix J from the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile);

·         have students form design teams allowing for the individual to grow spiritually, intellectually, and socially as a reflective and creative thinker. The teacher may choose or modify the teams depending on individual strengths and weaknesses allowing students to recognize that each has God-given talents;

·         review the manufacturing and design process and discuss how engineering graphics plays a role in this process (Appendix G from the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile);

·         introduce principles and elements of design and discuss how they are useful in presenting design proposals;

·         discuss the different drawing types. Be sure to identify the difference between presentation drawings and working drawings and discuss where in the design portfolio they belong;

·         emphasize the fact that sketches can be developed using any type of drawing techniques from two-dimensional orthographic representation to three-dimensional pictorial representation;

·         discuss simple sketching techniques for drawing shapes (squares, rectangles, and circles) and assign practice exercises for homework;

·         demonstrate how these shapes can then be converted to three-dimensional geometry using oblique, isometric, and perspective representation standards;

·         introduce the design challenge (the Wind-powered Generator). For Activity 1, as an example, the design challenge might state: “As owner/operator of a small manufacturing facility, you have been commissioned by a client to design and manufacture a prototype ‘propeller assembly’ for a wind-powered generator. Due to the high strength-to-weight requirements of the assembly, you are encouraged to investigate the possibility of fabricating the product from modern plastic-composite materials in an attempt to maximize the strength while minimizing the weight”;

·         through design team format, have students use all the learned techniques to brainstorm ideas for the design of the wind-powered generator;

·         be sure students add texture, value, colour, and other design elements to their proposals by emphasizing the importance of presentation in demonstrating their creative thinking skills;

·         introduce students to orthographic representation and assign practice exercises for homework;

·         discuss proper dimensioning standards for the orthographic drawings and have students dimension the homework exercises;

·         discuss size tolerancing and have students add tolerances to the homework exercises;

·         discuss geometric dimensions and how they relate to the production control process and have students add some basic geometric tolerances where applicable;

·         give students an overview (with criteria and instructions) of the drawing requirements for the design portfolio of the wind-powered generator;

·         use appendices as reference material to get things started;

·         discuss fasteners and weldments and have students determine how the generator will be assembled;

·         discuss assembly drawings and have students develop assembly and sub-assembly drawings for their wind-powered generator;

·         discuss bills of materials and have students add a bill to their assembly and sub-assembly drawings;

·         introduce CAD and have students convert their dimensioned hand drawings to formal CAD drawings;

·         discuss safety precautions associated with computer use, (e.g., repetitive stress injuries, ergonomics, electromagnetic fields, posture, breaks, etc.);

·         discuss format in assembling all student work in a portfolio package;

·         review journal/log writing format and criteria;

·         remind the students that a well kept journal of their activities will assist them in goal setting and in developing skills which will help them in the world of work;

·         as students work through the portfolio development, take a few minutes from each period to discuss career opportunities and educational requirements for design engineering and project management.

Students should:

·         listen actively and critically to understand and learn in light of Gospel values;

·         identify different types of sketching techniques and drawing types;

·         participate in collaborative/cooperative learning through group brainstorming of product ideas;

·         develop a design brief of the design challenge;

·         develop design criteria and constraints for the design challenge;

·         independently and as a group, sketch a variety of design ideas using appropriate sketching techniques;

·         analyse their ideas and select the best design;

·         apply their reasoning in solving the design challenge by writing a one-page rationale of how they chose their best design;

·         using pictorial representation and principles of design, sketch the final design proposal;

·         assemble the design brief, criteria/constraints, and brainstormed sketches;

·         become familiar with drafting standards, allowing them to develop engineering drawings of their design proposal;

·         develop a portfolio package containing presentation drawings and detail working drawings of their proposal;

·         independently work on team-specified individual drawings, which are then assembled as a package;

·         convert the drawing package to formal CAD drawings;

·         assemble the design brief, criteria/constraints, idea development sketches, hand drawings, and CAD drawings in a package to be stored with their AEP files;

·         describe their learning experiences in a reflective journal entry. In the entry, students also reflect on personal values as they apply to working within a group and on personal aspirations relating to engineering and drafting. The reflection journal should be completed for homework;

·         become aware of ethical/moral issues involved in their decision making.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Assessment strategies and tools include opportunities for monitoring students’ achievement levels as well as learning skills. They include communication, observation, performance assessment, reflection, conferencing, and tests/quizzes. Assessment tools include marking schemes for the activities, rubric assessments, tests, checklists, and anecdotal comments.

Application

·         Students are assessed on their ability to draw a given object using sketching techniques and engineering standards learned. Using a checklist format (see Appendix I of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile), teachers check the hand-drawn detailed drawings of the wind-powered generator. The checklist may also be used in assessing homework exercises.

·         The completed CAD drawings are evaluated individually or as a package using a rubric. The purpose of this assessment is to judge the student’s ability in applying their communication skills graphically using engineering standards.

Thinking and Inquiry

·         Teachers evaluate students’ design brief, student-developed criteria and constraints, idea development sketches, and the written rationale in selecting their best design. A rubric may be used in the evaluation.

·         Upon completion of all drawings, students are assessed on their knowledge and understanding through a written test containing true/false, multiple-choice, and fill-in-the-blank questions and through a practical CAD test in which they convert a hand drawing to a CAD drawing.

Communication

·         Reflections: Students self-assess their experiences through a reflective journal entry. The journal entries are evaluated through a rubric evaluation format (Appendix B of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile).

Learning Skills

·         Through observation and conferencing, students can be assessed formally or informally. Checklists, anecdotal comments, or the Learning Skills rubric (see the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile) help assess students. Teachers document the following:

·         skills pertaining to conflict management in light of Gospel teachings;

·         ability to work effectively as an interdependent, considerate team member;

·         initiative, leadership, and participation in a group (see Appendix E of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile);

·         work habits/homework (see Appendix 1.4.2 of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile).

·         The Learning Skills rubric can also be used by students as a self-assessment tool.

·         Conferencing assessment can take place on a daily basis. Provide encouragement and praise effort as tasks are completed, building on a positive self-image.

Accommodations

Activities can be modified to meet the needs of all learners. It may be necessary to apply some of the following accommodations:

·         Allow students a choice in using a preferred technique (e.g., oblique vs. isometric drawing). Although they should be able to identify the different techniques, teachers may allow students to select the one with which they are most comfortable and use it exclusively in subsequent assignments.

·         Provide more complicated drawing exercises to those students who have prior knowledge and skills or who demonstrate abilities above the expectations. Other students may need to start with tracing a drawing or transferring drawings using grids. When appropriate assess the process as opposed to the product (final drawings/sketches).

·         Provide hard copies of instructions and drawing process guide that are well spaced, clear, and have readable font and suitable font size. Monitor portfolio development through daily conferencing, reviewing and repeating instructions at each of the drawing stages.

·         Assess quality vs. quantity as appropriate. Allow for fewer drawings maintaining quality.

·         Use organizers for new vocabulary, step-by-step drawing process, required due dates, and homework.

·         Assist those students having difficulty with unit conversion and measurement skills by providing peer/buddy system and teacher input.

·         Provide a glossary of new terms and definitions and diagrams/sketches with labels;

·         Pair experienced students with those who are not yet familiar with the techniques. Some students have obtained knowledge of drawing techniques in previous art and/or technology courses.

·         Provide isometric grid paper for students having difficulty with freehand sketching of isometric representations.

·         Provide completed assignments as examples.

·         Support understanding of any mathematical concepts/difficulties through peer support/buddy system or teacher assistance.

·         Conference regularly, monitoring ongoing work completion of homework, design portfolio development, and journals/logs.

·         Have students enhance their design portfolio by adding more difficult drawings (isometric, oblique, or perspective). This can be done freehand or using CAD modelling options. As an example, in addition to plotting the airfoil shapes for the propeller blades, students are encouraged to provide virtual models of their project using 3-D solids on CAD.

·         Challenge students by having them develop isometric exploded assemblies and sub-assemblies of the wind-powered generator. The drawings illustrate how components are assembled (similar to do-it-yourself-kit drawings).

·         Challenge students by having them prepare for and write the AutoCAD Level 1 Certification Exam (If your school uses AutoCAD). The preparation will need to be completed independently and may take more than one term. See website resources for details (autodesk.com).

Resources

Publications

French E., C. Svensen, J. Helsel, and B. Urbanick. Mechanical Drawing, CAD-Communications, 12th ed. Peoria, Illinois: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 1997. ISBN 0-02-667958-2 (Student Text)

ISBN 0-02-677959-0 (Teacher’s Resource Binder) ISBN 0-02-667961-2 (Student Workbook)

Negus M. Introduction to Drafting. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd., 1983.

Quilan C. Orthographic Projection Simplified. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd., 1996.
ISBN 0-02-677320-1

Ragan, Rosalind. Arttalk, 3rd ed. Glencoe, McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-02-662434-6

Spence, W.P. Drafting Technology and Practice. Peoria, Illinois: Glencoe, 1991. ISBN 0-02-676290-0

Todd, R., K. Todd, and D. McCrory. Introduction to Design and Technology. Thomson Learning Tools, 1996. ISBN 0-538-64465-6 (Student Text)

ISBN 0-538-64466-4 (Teacher’s Resource Guide)
ISBN 0-538-64465-6 (Portfolio and Activities Resource)

Wallach, P. Metric Drafting. California: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1979.

Websites

Ontario Association of Certified Technicians and Technologists – http://www.oacett.org/

Association of Professional Engineers – http://www.apegga.com

Autodesk e-learning – http://www.autodesk.com

Ontario Curriculum Centre – www.curriculum.org
Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile

Catholic Social Teachings, Food for Thought – http://osjspm.org/cst/
Search in Ingredients. Key Themes

Video

Visual Design, Elements and Principles. Burnaby: Classroom Videos, Unit C, 9005 Centaurus Circle, Burnaby, BC, V3J 7N4, (604) 420-3066. 20 min.

Computer Software

CAD software

Word-processing software (e.g., WordPerfect)

Engstrom, D. and L. Hatch. Design Brief Manager Software. Glencoe, McGraw Hill, 1995. For use with Introduction to Design & Technology (see Publications).

Human Resources

Guest speakers: local professionals (survey class for parents, friends and family employed in manufacturing sector)

Special Education/Resource staff and Art/Math/Science teachers

School Chaplain

School, Board, or community computer technician

Other

Board computer policies

Local manufacturing industry

Canadian Professional Engineering Association

Society of Manufacturing Engineers

 

Activity 1.3:  Material Properties, Testing, and Selection

Time:  300 minutes

Description

Students research and test a variety of available materials. Materials are major resources used by students to design, build, and evaluate their prototypes. Students decide what materials are most suitable in the designing and building of the wind-powered generator through destructive and non-destructive testing. Testing is performed on chosen materials to determine the properties of the metal, wood, cloth, plastics, and ceramics used by students. Students gain respect for the environment and use its resources wisely for they will have to share God’s great Earth with future generations.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE1d - develop attitudes and values founded on Catholic social teaching and act to promote social responsibility, human solidarity, and the common good;

CGE2b - read, understand, and use written materials effectively;

CGE2d - write and speak fluently one or both of Canada’s official languages;

CGE4a - demonstrate a confident and positive sense of self and respect for the dignity and the welfare of others;

CGE7I - respect the environment and use resources wisely.

Overall Expectations

TFV.01 - apply the design process to develop solutions, products, processes, or services in response to challenges or problems in manufacturing technology;

TFV.02 - identify appropriate materials and processes to produce products to meet human needs and wants;

SPV.04 - use effective techniques to model and communicate product ideas, materials, and specifications;

ICV.02 - demonstrate the exemplary practices that are essential to safe work environments and practices.

Specific Expectations

TF2.01 - identify destructive and non-destructive tests to evaluate material choice;

TF2.02 - evaluate material properties using computers and report the results;

TF2.03 - investigate and evaluate the following materials before choosing the most appropriate materials for a product: metals (ferrous and non ferrous), polymers (e.g., natural – wood, cellulose; synthetic – plastic), ceramics (e.g., clay, glass, oxides, cement, carbides), composites (e.g., filler, particle, laminate, flake, fibre), and natural materials;

TF2.04 - describe the conditioning process that changes a material’s physical and mechanical characteristics and properties;

TF2.05 - explain the three methods of conditioning materials: thermal conditioning, chemical conditioning, and mechanical conditioning;

SP5.03 - explain how science or scientific principles or practices apply to material selection and specifications, energy consumption, worker fatigue, material processing, and the design of ergonomically appropriate products that accommodate the human form;

IC1.02 - describe the impact of manufacturing activity on the environment and identify a variety of materials, processes, and waste management methods to minimize negative impact;

IC2.01 - apply safe work practices in performing manufacturing-related processes.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

The students should have:

·         completed the previous activity in developing a design portfolio of the wind-powered generator;

·         competence in blueprint reading;

·         research skills (Internet and publications);

·         interactive and collaborative group skills;

·         skills in co-operative learning techniques (effective interpersonal skills) and an understanding of personal responsibilities and commitment required for group activities;

·         basic skills in word processing used for journals and log entries;

·         respect for the rights, responsibilities, and contributions of self and others.

Planning Notes

·         Ensure chart paper, magic markers, and an overhead projector are available for use during class.

·         Develop overheads defining and explaining various types and uses of materials used in industry, including ferrous and non-ferrous metals, polymers (e.g., natural - wood cellulose; synthetic – plastics), ceramics (e.g., clay, glass, oxides, cement, carbides), composites (e.g., filler, particle, laminate, flake, fibre), and natural materials. Have samples available for student viewing.

·         Make arrangements with the Construction Technology teacher and arrange a construction shop tour, showing students various types of wood that may be used (e.g., spruce, pine, cedar, and oak).

·         Prepare a cutting torch and proper welding goggles to demonstrate to students the different characteristics of metals, such as steel, stainless steel, brass, and aluminum, under extreme heat.

·         Book a computer lab for student research on the Internet.

·         Student material selection charts are presented as part of their research.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

The teacher should:

·         review the manufacturing and design process and discuss how material research and selection plays a role in this process (Appendix G from the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile);

·         explain to students the various types of materials used in the making of a common everyday item (e.g., a juice box, a pencil, a computer disc, a speaker for the school’s PA system);

·         discuss characteristics of materials: material structure, material properties, material classifications;

·         explain the three methods of conditioning materials: thermal, chemical, and mechanical conditioning. Use steel manufacturing and processing as an example. Show videos, if available;

·         heat up a piece of steel with the cutting torch to show students how the material’s physical characteristics and properties change (e.g., the metal turns red, easy to bend);

·         heat up a piece of aluminum with the cutting torch to show students how the material’s physical characteristics change (e.g., metal does not change in colour, and turns into a liquid);

·         discuss metallurgy and explain to students the different characteristics of various metals (e.g., titanium has an excellent strength to weight ratio);

·         describe the conditioning process that changes a material’s physical and mechanical characteristics and properties;

·         encourage an open discussion on the types of materials that might be used to build the wind generator and how these materials will be tested;

·         have an open discussion encouraging participation from all students on the types of materials to use in the construction of the wind-powered generator. Have students write materials on chart paper;

·         have students write down all their brainstorming ideas on the chart paper;

·         show students various types of materials that can be used for the wind generator components (plastics, wood, copper wire, fibreglass, aluminum);

·         make students aware of health and safety when dealing with certain materials and testing equipment;

·         have students clean up classroom and shop areas.

Students should:

·         demonstrate a confident and positive sense of self and respect for the dignity and the welfare of others;

·         form groups and discuss how various materials are processed and tested;

·         use the Internet to research and evaluate the following materials before choosing the most appropriate for the wind generator: ferrous and non-ferrous metals, polymers (e.g., natural – wood, cellulose; synthetic – plastic), ceramics (e.g., clay, glass, oxides, cement, carbides), composites (e.g., filler, particle, laminate, flake, fibre), and natural materials;

·         research the following mechanical properties of materials: Strength, Tensile Strength, Compression Strength, Fatigue Strength, and Impact Strength;

·         choose materials that they feel are appropriate in the construction of the wind generator;

·         describe their learning experiences in a reflective journal entry. In the entry, students reflect on personal values as they apply to working within a group, recognizing their own abilities and strengths and the uniqueness of each person. Students also reflect on personal aspirations relating to engineering and planning.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Communication

·         Reflections: Students self-assess their experiences through a reflective journal entry. The journal entries are evaluated through a rubric evaluation format. (See Appendix B of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile.)

Thinking and Inquiry

·         Students identify, through a written report, the materials necessary to fabricate the wind-powered generator. A rubric can be used to assess their achievement level. The criteria must include consideration for environmental impact.

Accommodations

Activities can be modified to meet the needs of all learners by applying accommodations such as the following:

·         Repeat instructions and frequently monitor progress, providing feedback through suggestions, comments, or questions about work.

·         Simplify expectations on the assignment in progress and completion (e.g., shorten length of report).

·         Allow the finished assignment to be presented orally, written, or in point form.

·         Allow extra time for completion.

·         Provide a list of topics and suggestions for enrichment and remediation.

·         Involve student in self-assessing their research techniques working with peer/buddy.

·         Selectively group so that varied abilities, interests, and skills are addressed.

·         Make hard copy of overhead work for those students who have difficulty copying from the overhead.

·         Use chart format to record information from research. Suggest format of chart to assist student with amount of material necessary.

·         Monitor completion of work done at home, or out of classroom, and encourage ongoing and mandatory use of reflective journals.

·         Foster an atmosphere of acceptance of individual differences and needs.

Resources

Publications

Hutchinson, John and John Karsnitz. Design and Problem Solving in Technology. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 1994. ISBN 0-8273-5244-1

Todd, R., K. Todd, and D. McCrory. Introduction to Design and Technology. Thomson Learning Tools, 1996. ISBN 0-538-64465-6 (Student Text)

ISBN 0-538-64466-4 (Teacher’s Resource Guide)

ISBN 0-538-64465-6 (Portfolio and Activities Resource)

Websites

http://www.alleghenytechnologies.com

http://www.asm-intl.org

Video

New Steel, Doorway to the Future. CSTEC (Canadian Steel Trade and Employment Congress), Youth Employment Strategy, 10 min.

Heat treating videos from ASM

Computer Software

Word-processing software (e.g., WordPerfect)

New Steel, Doorway to the Future. CSTEC (Canadian Steel Trade and Employment Congress), Youth Employment Strategy. CD accompanied by video and binder resource.

Engstrom, D., and L. Hatch. Design Brief Manager Software. Glencoe, McGraw Hill, 1995. For use with Introduction to Design & Technology (see Publications).

 

 

 

Activity 1.4:  Modelling and Prototyping

Time:  180 minutes

Description

Students hold discussions on the development and manufacturing of the prototype for their wind-powered generator. The prototype is inspected and tested to ensure a quality final product. This activity allows students to test various types of materials that may be used for their design. The finished product will result in a cheap source of electrical current that will have a positive effect on the environment. Students are given the opportunity to become aware of their Christian responsibility to the environment and others.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE2a - listen actively and critically to understand and learn in light of the Gospel values;

CGE2c - present information and ideas clearly and honestly and with sensitivity to others;

CGE4b - demonstrate flexibility and adaptability;

CGE3b - create, adapt, and evaluate new ideas in light of the common good.

Overall Expectations

TFV.01 - apply the design process to develop solutions, products, processes, or services in response to challenges or problems in manufacturing technology;

TFV.02 - identify appropriate materials and processes to produce products to meet human needs and wants;

SPV.04 - use effective techniques to model and communicate product ideas, materials, and specifications;

ICV.02 - demonstrate the exemplary practices that are essential to safe work environments and practices.

Specific Expectations

TF1.02 - apply the following steps of the design process to solve a variety of manufacturing technology challenges or problems:

- evaluate the prototype and determine the resources, including computer applications, required to produce it;

- communicate the solution using one or more of the following: final drawings, graphs, charts, sketches, technical reports, electronic presentations, flow charts, mock-ups, models, prototypes and so on;

- obtain feedback on the final solution and repeat the design process if necessary to refine or improve the solution;

SP1.05 - use appropriate techniques to mock up or model potential solutions to challenges;

IC2.01 - apply safe work practices in performing manufacturing-related processes.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         The student should have:

·         completed the previous activity, developing a design portfolio and selecting product material;

·         competence in blueprint reading;

·         research skills (Internet and publications);

·         interactive and collaborative group skills;

·         skills in co-operative learning techniques (effective interpersonal skills) and an understanding of personal responsibilities and commitment required for group activities;

·         basic skills in word processing and keyboarding used for journals and log entries

·         respect for the rights, responsibilities, and contributions of self and others.

·         Experience from the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology activities would be an asset.

Planning Notes

·         Ask students to define key terms for homework. Terms may include conceptual models, physical models, computer-generated models, prototypes, plexiglass, polystyrene, and foamcore.

·         Book a television and video machine for the duration of activity.

·         Have overhead projector available for use.

·         Prepare an overhead on the design process.

·         Consult the Art Department to see if the class could use some clay carving instruments.

·         Display materials used to build mock-up models and prototypes.

·         Have sketches and designs of wind-powered generators on hand for student viewing.

·         Divide the class into groups (according to class size).

·         Have various types of physical model examples on overhead to show students.

·         Have commonly-used prototype building materials on hand (e.g., wood, clay, styrofoam, paper, and paperboard) to show students.

·         Provide examples of materials list for common products (e.g., clipboards, yo-yo).

Teaching/Learning Strategies

The teacher should:

·         review the manufacturing and design process and discuss how prototyping plays a role in this process (Appendix G from the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile);

·         provide a high level of student engagement, interdependence, and conflict-management skills;

·         monitor progress and provide feedback frequently, emphasizing collaborative and co-operative group efforts in light of Gospel values;

·         review design process with students and discuss how the prototype plays a very important role in the evaluation of the product;

·         discuss homework assignments defining key terms;

·         discuss various types of models and model materials;

·         discuss modelling techniques.

Students should:

·         participate in a class discussion in the reviewing of the design process;

·         discuss the types of materials used in developing mock-up and prototypes for their activity and discuss their impact on the environment;

·         form groups to build a prototype, using the design portfolio developed in previous activities;

·         in groups, divide the workload by having some students prototype the blades while other members prototype the tower and other project components.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Assessment strategies and tools include opportunities for monitoring students’ achievement levels as well as learning skills. They include communication, observation, performance assessment, reflection, and conferencing.

Application

·         Students are assessed on their ability to construct a scaled prototype of the components making up the wind-powered generator. A rubric may be used in the evaluation of the prototype.

Communication

·         Reflections: Students self-assess their experiences through a reflective journal entry. The journal entries are evaluated through a rubric evaluation format (Appendix B of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile).

Learning Skills

·         Through observation and conferencing, students can be assessed formally or informally. Checklists, anecdotal comments, or the Learning Skills rubric (see the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile) serve to help assess students. The teacher documents the student’s:

·         skills pertaining to conflict-management in light of Gospel teachings;

·         ability to work effectively as an interdependent considerate team member;

·         initiative, leadership, and participation in a group (see Appendix E of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile).

·         Student’s work habits/homework can be assessed using a checklist (see Appendix 1.4.2 of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile).

·         Conferencing assessment can take place on a daily basis. Provide encouragement and praise effort as tasks are completed, building on a positive self-image.

Accommodations

Activities can be modified to meet the needs of all learners by applying accommodations such as the following:

·         Repeat instructions and frequently monitor progress, providing feedback through suggestions, comments, or questions about work.

·         Allow extra time for completion.

·         Use a material that will allow simplification of model building.

·         Provide a list of topics and suggestions for enrichment and remediation.

·         Selectively group so that varied abilities, interests, and skills are addressed.

·         Monitor completion of work done and encourage ongoing and mandatory use of reflective journals.

·         Challenge students by providing opportunity to add additional components to the wind generator model (e.g., landscaping, people, homes, etc.).

·         Provide sample prototypes as examples.

·         Encourage an atmosphere accepting of other’s uniqueness, needs, and values.

Resources

Hutchinson, John and John Karsnitz. Design and Problem Solving in Technology. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 1997. ISBN 0-8273-5244-1

Todd, R., K. Todd, and D. McCrory. Introduction to Design and Technology. Thomson Learning Tools of International Thomson Publishing, 1996. ISBN 0-538-64465-6 (Student Text)

ISBN 0-538-64466-4 (Teacher’s Resource Guide)
ISBN 0-538-64465-6 (Portfolio and Activities Resource)

 

 

 

Activity 1.5:  Developing Process Control Charts and Production Planning

Time:  300 minutes

Description

Students explore the two key factors in production engineering, productivity, and cost. Students are required to design and build a wind-powered generator. Students record their progress and achievements as well as cost using production flow charts. They conduct a series of tests on the various parts of the wind-powered generator to analyse and form a conclusion as to which materials will be suitable and cost efficient for their design. Students are made aware of the importance of the production flow charts in the designing, manufacturing, and cost of the final product. Students also develop production charts that pertain to the storage and disposal of waste materials generated in manufacturing of their product. They are made aware of their Christian responsibilities to take care of the environment and use its resources wisely. Students work primarily in groups and present their ideas clearly and honestly and with sensitivity to others.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE2b - read, understand, and use written material effectively;

CGE2c - present information and ideas clearly and honestly and with sensitivity to others;

CGE4b - demonstrate flexibility and adaptability;

CGE7i - respect the environment and use resources wisely.

Overall Expectations

TFV.01 - apply the design process to develop solutions, products, processes, or service in response to challenges or problems in manufacturing technology;

TFV.03 - describe the production process required to develop a product;

TFV.04 - evaluate the types of control systems used in production processes and products;

SPV.01 - effectively plan, organize, direct, and control various manufacturing activities;

SPV.03 - operate a manufacturing system and analyse the efficiency of the system.

Specific Expectations

TF1.02 - apply the following steps of the design process to solve a variety of manufacturing technology challenges or problems:

- evaluate the prototype and determine the resources, including computer applications, required to produce it;

SP1.01 - develop systems for production, marketing, personnel, and financial control;

SP1.02 - use computers to help develop, operate, and control systems;

SP1.03 - apply the concepts of work flow, products per period of time, and defect rate when analysing and testing the efficiency of a production line;

SP4.01 - create process control charts that clearly outline the stages of the production process;

IC2.02 - identify potential hazards in their workplace by conducting safety audits and inspections.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         The student should have:

·         completed the previous activity in developing a design portfolio of a product, selecting product material, and building the prototype;

·         competence in blueprint reading;

·         research skills (Internet and publications);

·         interactive and collaborative group skills;

·         skills in co-operative learning techniques (effective interpersonal skills) and an understanding of personal responsibilities and commitment required for group activities;

·         basic skills in word processing and keyboarding used for journals and log entries;

·         respect for the rights, responsibilities, and contributions of self and others;

·         basic writing skills (spelling and grammar).

·         Experience from the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology activities would be an asset.

Planning Notes

·         Make sure before the class starts that an overhead projector is available for you to use during class.

·         Prepare an overhead of types of planning charts (operation process, flow process, operation sheet).

·         Prepare an overhead of a sample plant layout and material flow chart.

·         Have overhead examples of plant layouts with safety areas labelled for hazardous materials.

·         Have samples of common everyday items (pens, yo-yo, binder, paper clip, light bulb) in the classroom.

·         Prepare an example plan of how the waste generated by manufacturing a wind-powered generator (e.g., metal shavings from machining parts and drilling holes, machine and cutting oil) should properly be disposed of.

·         Book computer lab (if necessary).

·         Allow use of computers in the development of operation process, flow process, and operation sheet.

·         Have students write a journal reflecting on their experiences throughout this activity.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

The teacher should:

·         review the manufacturing and design process and discuss how production planning plays a role in this process (Appendix G from the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile);

·         present overheads of various types of operation process, flow process, operation sheet;

·         discuss safety rules and building regulations required by law that must be considered when developing a plant layout and material flow chart (proper ventilation on paint booths and material storage);

·         discuss with students the importance of identifying potential hazards to self and others in their workplace by conducting safety audits and inspections;

·         divide students into small groups depending on class sizes;

·         have samples of common everyday items (pens, yo-yo, binder, paper clip, light bulb) in the classroom;

·         discuss with students the type of planning charts required to build and evaluate their wind generator;

·         discuss with students the importance of taking the fragile environment into consideration when developing process charts;

·         discuss with students the types of recycling offered to the manufacturing industry that pertain to the building and testing of the wind-powered generator (e.g.. scrap metal recycling, waste oil collection);

·         escort class to the computer lab to develop operation process charts, flow process charts, and operation sheets;

·         make sure that students have recorded their daily progress in their journal.

Students should:

·         listen actively and critically to understand and learn in light of Gospel values;

·         apply the design process to develop solutions, products, processes, or service in response to challenges or problems in manufacturing technology, keeping in mind their Christian responsibilities to this world;

·         identify potential hazards in the workplace by conducting safety audits and inspections;

·         form small groups depending on class size;

·         discuss and produce a process chart for the following items: pens, yo-yo, binder, paper clip, light bulb;

·         effectively plan, organize, direct, and control various types of manufacturing activities pertaining to the wind-powered generator;

·         use computers to help develop, operate, and control systems;

·         create process control charts that clearly outline the stages of the production process;

·         respect the environment and use its resources wisely in production and testing of the generator;

·         record daily progress in a journal.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Thinking and Inquiry

·         Students determine material flow and production procedures through research and brainstorming. Students identify production procedures in a one-page report, including a rationale for choices made.

Application

·         Students develop material flow charts, operation sheets, and plant layouts identifying timelines for each phase of the product development process. The charts also identify materials and equipment required. A rubric can be developed to assess the chart. A checkpoint system should be used to monitor the progress at each stage.

Communication

·         Reflections: Students self-assess their experiences through a reflective journal entry. The journal entries are evaluated through a rubric evaluation format. (See Appendix B of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile.) Considering Activities 1.3 and 1.4 are short activities, students should write one journal entry for both.

Accommodations

The following are suggested accommodations, if required:

·         Repeat instructions and provide feedback frequently through suggestions, comments, or questions.

·         Proofread journals before submission. Mark work for errors in Spelling and Writing/Grammar/specific terminology in a respectful way so that the effort remains workable without deducting marks for spelling, etc., except on proofread and final draft pieces.

·         Frequently monitor flow charts and daily work handed in for understanding and completion. Review with peer/buddy if appropriate.

·         Allow extra time for completion at home.

·         Simplify expectations on the assignment in progress and completion (e.g., shorten length of report).

·         Involve student in self-assessing their research techniques working with peer/buddy.

·         Pair students with varied abilities, interests, and skills.

·         Provide sample process charts and other material as examples.

·         Conferencing assessment can take place on a daily basis. Be sure to provide encouragement and praise effort as tasks are completed, building on a positive self-image.

·         Selectively group so that varied abilities, interests, and skills are addressed.

·         Foster an atmosphere of acceptance of individual differences and needs.

Resources

Publications

Fogarty, D., J. Blackstone, and T. Hoffman. Production and Inventory Management, 2nd ed. Cincinnati, OH: 1991. ISBN 0-538-07461-2

Hutchinson, John and John Karsnitz. Design and Problem Solving in Technology. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 1997. ISBN 0-8273-5244-1

Todd, R., K. Todd, and D. McCrory. Introduction to Design and Technology. Thomson Learning Tools of International Thomson Publishing, 1996. ISBN 0-538-64465-6 (Student Text)

ISBN 0-538-64466-4 (Teacher’s Resource Guide)

ISBN 0-538-64465-6 (Portfolio & Activities Resource)

Computer Software

Spreadsheet software

Word-processing software (e.g., Corel WordPerfect)

 

Activity 1.6:  Cost Estimating and Analysis

Time:  180 minutes

Description

Students gain knowledge and experience analysing and summarizing their wind generator project in terms of cost impact (production and job shop labour, material costs, and revenue generated (kilowatt hours produced)) as they relate to product development. Emphasis is placed on using math concepts (area, volume, and time) as well as raw material costs ($ per length, $ per kg), to compute the final project cost. Students present their findings through a spreadsheet and oral report. During this activity, students reflect upon their analysis and how the manufacturing of goods affects the common good in relation to Catholic social teachings.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE1d - develop attitudes and values founded on Catholic social teaching and act to promote social responsibility, human solidarity and the common good;

CGE2c - present information and ideas clearly and honestly with sensitivity to others;

CGE4b - demonstrate flexibility and adaptability;

CGE4f - apply effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time, and resource management skills;

CGE4g - examine and reflect on one’s personal values, abilities and aspirations influencing life’s choices and opportunities;

CGE5e - respect the rights, responsibilities, and contribution of self and others.

Overall Expectations

SPV.04 - use effective techniques to model and communicate product ideas, materials, and specifications;

SPV.05 - use mathematical and language skills effectively and apply technological systems and scientific principles to construct products that adhere to design specifications and meet quality control standards.

Specific Expectations

SP1.01 - develop systems for production, marketing, personnel, and financial control;

SP4.04 - conduct an accurate cost analysis of the final product or process;

SP4.06 - produce effective oral and written reports on the product or process;

SP5.01 - apply mathematics to work with integers to order operations, to work with decimals and fractions, to make percent/decimal/fraction conversions, and to make imperial and metric conversions- all within the context of manufacturing design and production;

SP5.03 - use appropriate language in technical manuals, reports, and presentations.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

The student should have:

·         completed the previous activity in developing a design portfolio of a product, selected product material, and planned the production of the product;

·         competence in blueprint reading;

·         group work skills (co-operative learning techniques from elementary school and an understanding of personal responsibilities assigned by group);

·         basic math skills (area, volume, measurement, conversions, monetary computation);

·         keyboarding skills (some knowledge of word-processing software, presentation software, and the Internet is an asset).

Planning Notes

·         In preparation for this activity the teacher will have an understanding of the various roles and activities associated with the costing of a product or process.

·         The teacher should be familiar with the development and use of spreadsheet software.

·         To enable students to produce an effective and meaningful cost analysis, provide a variety of examples that detail the steps involved in costing a product or process.

·         Provide a glossary of production costing terms.

·         The activity assignment sheet informs students of the requirements of the final product cost report. As a supplemental activity, the teacher may arrange for a guest speaker(s).

·         In preparation for this activity, lead a round table of Catholic values related to product development and production (e.g., stewardship, human potential, socio-economic responsibilities).

Teaching/Learning Strategies

The teacher should:

·         convey cost analysis information through a variety of strategies such as whole group, brainstorming, and jigsaw, while using a guided practice technique followed by opportunity for independent practice;

·         review the manufacturing and design process and discuss how cost analysis plays a role in this process (Appendix G from the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile);

·         review group process (see Appendix J of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile);

·         discuss the manufacturing processes and finished project/product while introducing key terms (e.g., raw materials, direct/indirect labour, time sheets, piece rate, flat rate, budgeting, cost justification, pay back, profit, loss, labour standards, production efficiency, high volume vs. low volume production);

·         review and discuss the role of project research and how it affects the final fabrication and cost of a project, as well as its effect on the environment and society as a whole;

·         discuss various search techniques;

·         demonstrate potential avenues to follow to enable all groups to obtain information relevant to their project/product cost;

·         encourage students to reflect on the project, its relationship to everyday life, and its benefits to society;

·         encourage students to discuss their projects and make a list of activities associated with cost;

·         provide an opportunity for the teams to present their findings to the class and how they reflect on their Christian values and upbringing.

Students should:

·         as a team, assign each team member a task (e.g., note taker, researcher, typist);

·         provide a spreadsheet summary of their project detailing production activity cost, material cost, revenue generated, and pay back time;

·         provide a one-page written statement of how the project impacts on the human condition.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Application

·         Each team submits a spreadsheet summary of their project, detailing labour cost, material cost, overall project cost, revenue generated, and expected pay-back period. A rubric may be used to evaluate the student’s level of achievement.

Knowledge/Understanding

·         Students write a short quiz assessing their knowledge and understanding of the content.

Communication

·         Each team submits a one-page, word-processed reflection of how their project impacts on the human condition. The paper can be evaluated through a rubric evaluation format (Appendix B of the Grade 10 Manufacturing Technology [Catholic] profile).

Learning Skills

·         Student’s initiative, Christian leadership, participation in a group, and the ability to discuss the associated Catholic values are assessed orally through student-teacher conferencing.

·         Conferencing assessment can take place on a daily basis. Be sure to provide encouragement and praise effort as tasks are completed, building on a positive self-image.

Accommodations

·         Provide a sample report to show what is expected as end result.

·         Support and encourage those students who have difficulty with math concepts and pair/group to support understanding.

·         It may be necessary to modify criteria for written and oral reports allowing for variations in communicating the reports.

·         Group students so that varied abilities, interests, and skills are addressed.

·         Challenge students to present cost analysis through spreadsheets and slide-show presentations.

Resources

Publications

Fogarty, D., J. Blackstone, and T. Hoffman. Production and Inventory Management, 2nd ed. Cincinnati, OH: 1991. ISBN 0-538-07461-2

Schey, John A. Introduction to Manufacturing Processes. McGraw-Hill, 1997. ISBN 0-07-055279-7

Video

Meridian Education Corporation. Manufacturing Technology Series. Mississauga, ON: McIntyre Media Limited, 1999. 63.8 min.

Computer Software

Spreadsheet software

Word-processing software (e.g., Corel WordPerfect)

Presentation software (e.g., Corel Presentation)

Other

Local industry

 

 

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