Course Profile   Music (AMU4M), Grade 12, University/College Preparation, Catholic and Public

 

Unit 5:  Music and Technology

Time:  20 hours

 

Activity 1 | Activity 2 | Activity 3 | Activity 4 | Activity 5

 

Unit Description

Expectations representing the three strands (Theory, Creation, and Analysis) related to the study of music and technology are clustered to form this unit. Students gain further understanding of advanced concepts of sequencing, notation software, analog, and/or digital recording, and the use of the Internet. Students have the opportunity to apply their knowledge to composition, arranging, listening and analysis, and improvisation activities. The impact of new technologies in music creation and distribution in society are also addressed. This unit involves five activities including listening and analysis, music in society, composing and arranging, performance, and a culminating activity. An overall theme can be developed for the culminating webpage/slideshow/interactive CD that can help focus students while they develop the product.

Unit Synopsis Chart

Activity

Learning Expectations

Assessment Categories

Tasks

1.
Listening and Analysis

 

2 hours

ANV.01, THV.03, TH2.01, TH2.02, TH2.03, TH2.04, AN1.02
CGE4f, 5e, 5g, 7b

Knowledge/ Understanding Thinking/ Inquiry Communication

Students import selections of MIDI files from the Internet, comparing the electronic versions of works of music with acoustically recorded performances using the elements of music as the basis for the comparison.

2.
Music in Society

 

3 hours

THV.03, TH2.03, TH2.04, ANV.04, ANV.05, AN1.08, AN1.09
CGE2b, 3c, 4b, 5a, 7b

Knowledge/ Understanding Thinking/ Inquiry Communication

Students investigate an Internet site distributing MIDI, WAV, and/or MP3 files of a specific type or genre, and create a report outlining the economic, technological, and social aspects including: the target audience, distribution methods, business considerations, strengths and weaknesses, financial considerations (ads, cost), and copyright issues.

3.
Composing and Arranging

 

4 hours

THV.02, THV.03, TH2.01, TH2.02, CRV.03, CRV.04, CR2.01, CR2.02, CR2.04
CGE4e, 4f, 7b

Knowledge/ Understanding Thinking/ Inquiry

Students use notation software to produce a highly detailed score and parts for the composition they created in Unit 2- Composing and Arranging: Activity 8.

4.
Performance

 

5 hours

THV.03, TH2.01, TH2.02, CRV.04, CR2.01, CR2.03
CGE2c, 3c, 4b, 5e, 5g

Knowledge/ Understanding Thinking/ Inquiry Communication

Students rehearse the piece published in Activity 3 of this unit, receiving feedback from the teacher and peers. Students use advanced recording/sequencing and editing techniques to produce a quality CD or cassette copy of their performance.

5.
Culminating Activity

 

6 hours

THV.03, TH2.01, TH2.02, TH2.03, TH2.04, CRV.03, CRV.04, CR2.01, CR2.04, CR2.05, ANV.04, ANV.05, AN1.08, AN1.09
CGE2a, 3c, 4b, 4f, 5g

Knowledge/ Understanding Thinking/ Inquiry Communication

Students create pages for a class website, slideshow, or other electronic medium. Pages include a means of sharing/publishing their recorded composition from Activity 4 of this Unit, and a visual presentation intended to complement the emotional impact of the music.

 

Activity 1:  Listening and Analysis

Time:  2 hours

Description

Students use MIDI files in an exploration of the elements of music found in compositions of Romantic and/or Modern eras. Students use the Internet to search for and access a collection of MIDI files for listening and analysis. The electronic versions of the compositions are compared and contrasted with acoustically recorded versions of the same pieces.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE4f - applies effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time and resource management skills;

CGE5e - respects the rights, responsibilities, and contributions of self and others;

CGE5g - achieves excellence, originality, and integrity in one’s own work, and supports these qualities in the work of others;

CGE7b - accepts accountability for one’s own actions.

Strand(s):  Theory, Analysis

Overall Expectations

THV.03 - describe the use of technology in music research, in performance and composition, and in the distribution of music;

ANV.01 - analyse and evaluate music from the romantic period and the 20th century, including art music, jazz, popular music, and Canadian and non-Western music.

Specific Expectations

TH2.01 - explain the use of advanced editing techniques in sequencing and notation;

TH2.02 - explain the use of the Internet in music research and composition;

TH2.03 - demonstrate knowledge of the different methods of music distribution;

TH2.04 - demonstrate an understanding of legal aspects of playing, recording, and taping music, and of photocopying musical material;

AN1.02 - analyse live and/or recorded performances of music following standard procedures in critical analysis.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Basic aural skills and visual identification skills related to the analysis of music are necessary.

·         Familiarity with the effective and ethical use of the Internet is essential.

·         Basic skills in MIDI sequencing are helpful.

·         Basic independent research and presentation skills are necessary.

·         The teacher ensures that students develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will allow them to use this computer technology effectively, confidently, and ethically.

Planning Notes

·         This activity is designed to complement the activities contained in Unit 3 Listening and Analysis.

·         A MIDI workstation including a keyboard, computer with appropriate sound card, headset, and sequencing notation software must be available for parts of this assignment.

·         A computer lab with Internet access would be an asset for the Internet file searching component part of this assignment. A sequencing program is not required for this stage.

·         MIDI equipment should be accessible to students so they may work independently or in a group/lab situation.

·         The teacher should ensure that students are using appropriate websites.

·         The teacher should prepare a handout listing appropriate musical selections, including suggested methods of acquisition. Students should consult this list when conducting their search on the Internet.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   The teacher hands out Appendix 5A – Comparison Chart. The teacher plays a recorded version of an excerpt of a composition from the 19th or 20th century, followed by a MIDI version of the same excerpt. The teacher guides students through a comparison of the musical elements in the two versions, using Appendix 5A – Comparison Chart, as a guide.

2.   The teacher demonstrates the use of the Internet to find, play, and download MIDI files
(see Appendix 5B – Finding MIDI Files).

3.   Students conduct a search for their assigned composition/composer. The selections should be chosen from recordings available in the classroom audio library, with the focus of study based on those used in the Listening and Analysis (Romantic, 20th century) Unit.

4.   Students use the Internet to find, listen to, and save a selection of MIDI versions of the assigned composer/composition.

5.   Based on the downloaded files, students use their knowledge of the elements of music to choose the best MIDI version of the selection.

6.   Students listen to an acoustically recorded version of the same composition.

7.   Students use Appendix 5A – Comparison Chart as a guide when comparing the two selections.

8.   Students complete a response journal based on the relative merits of electronic versus traditional musical performances.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

·         Teacher feedback

·         Comparison Chart

·         Response Journal

Accommodations

·         Students may work with a partner, pairing a strong music student with a strong technology student.

·         Repeat listening examples if the need arises.

·         Allow additional time.

·         Students with advanced skills in music technology could produce a CD with side-by-side excerpts from the MIDI and acoustic performances.

·         Use of on-line and software “Help” can be taught and encouraged.

Resources

Classical Music

– http://midiworld.com/classic.htm

 

– http://www.classicalarchives.com/

Marches

– http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Base/7885/marches.htm

Jazz

– http://www.jayp.net/jukebox/jazz.htm

 

– http://www.rats2u.com/clipart/animation/midi_jazz.htm

Pop

– http://www.angelfire.com/ok/magicofmusicals/midi.html

 

– http://members.tripod.com/midi_delight/

Education Network of Ontario:
Basic Technical Setup

– http://www.enoreo.on.ca/musiccyberfest/suppor.htm#GT

The MIDI Ring

– http://nav.webring.yahoo.com/hub?ring=midi&list

Music Education Online

– http://www.musiceducationonline.org/links/linxtech.html

Appendices

Appendix 5A – Comparison Chart

Appendix 5B – Finding MIDI Files

 

Activity 2:  Music and Society

Time:  3 hours

Description

Students investigate an Internet site distributing MIDI, WAV, and/or MP3 files. Based on their investigation, they create a report outlining the economic, technological, and social aspects including: the target audience, distribution methods, business considerations, strengths and weaknesses, financial considerations (ads, cost), and copyright issues.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE2b - reads, understands, and uses written materials effectively;

CGE3c - thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems;

CGE4b - demonstrates flexibility and adaptability;

CGE5a - works effectively as an interdependent team member;

CGE7b - accepts accountability for one’s own actions.

Strand(s):  Theory, Analysis

Overall Expectations

THV.03 - describe the use of technology in music research, in performance and composition, and in the distribution of music;

ANV.04 - analyse the relationship between music and its cultural context;

ANV.05 - demonstrate an understanding of possibilities for postsecondary studies and for careers in music.

Specific Expectations

TH2.03 - demonstrate knowledge of the different methods of music distribution;

TH2.04 - demonstrate an understanding of legal aspects of playing, recording, and taping music, and of photocopying musical material;

AN1.08 - explain how current social, economic, and technological factors affect the performance, composition, and production and distribution of music;

AN1.09 - analyse the impact of the arts, especially of music, on the local economy, the Ontario economy, and the Canadian economy.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Familiarity with the effective and ethical use of the Internet is essential.

·         Basic skills in MIDI listening are helpful.

·         Basic independent research and presentation skills are necessary.

·         The teacher ensures that students develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will allow them to use this computer technology effectively, confidently, and ethically.

·         The teacher should be prepared to discuss the ethical issues around the music industry from the point of view of Catholic social teaching.

Planning Notes

·         This activity is closely linked to Unit 4, Music in Society.

·         A MIDI workstation including a keyboard, computer with appropriate sound card, headset, and sequencing notation software must be available for parts of this assignment.

·         A computer lab with an Internet access would be an asset for the Internet file searching component part of this assignment. A sequencing program is not required for this stage.

·         MIDI equipment should be accessible to students so they can work independently or in a group/lab situation.

·         The teacher should ensure adequate supervision of students who are working independently.

·         The teacher should ensure that student groups choose a range of websites, focusing on local, regional, and national Internet sites, as well as sites of particular cultural interest, and non-Western music.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   The teacher guides the class in a brainstorming session concerning the various types of Internet sites related to music, e.g., commercial record company sites, genre specific sites, band specific sites, music distribution, MP3, etc.

2.   The teacher chooses a site and leads the class in a discussion about its economic, technological, and social aspects as well as the ethical issues around the music industry from the point of view of catholic social teaching.

3.   Students organize themselves into groups of three. One member of the group focuses on the social aspects of the site (target audience, purpose), another on the economic aspects (advertising, costs), and the third on the technological aspects (file types, transferring processes).

4.   After being assigned a specific genre, the group accesses an Internet search engine, e.g., Yahoo, Altavista, Metacrawler, to find and select an appropriate site. The site must be approved by the teacher.

5.   Students use the selected Internet site as a basis for their investigation of the assigned criteria.

6.   Students share their findings with the other group members.

7.   The group prepares and presents their findings to the class. A one-page synopsis, which is distributed to the other class members, is required from each group.

8.   Students review their findings with regard to technical, economic, and social implications of the electronic media. Particular focus is placed on the effects that Internet access has on the homogeneity, availability, and variety of music, and the ability of composers and musicians to make a living and maintain independence.

9.   Students use their response journal as a tool for reflection about their roles as group members.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

·         Teacher feedback

·         Classroom presentation

·         Observation

·         Journal writing

Accommodations

·         Allow additional time.

·         Encourage students to question for clarification and additional information.

·         Students with limited experience/knowledge could be paired with a more experienced peer.

·         On-line and software “Help” is available.

·         Reinforce oral instruction with written or visual cues.

·         Checklists can be used as a tracking tool.

Resources

The following links will direct the student to a range of sites for each of the listed genres:

Recording Industry

 

Canadian Recording Industry Association

– http://www.cria.ca

MP3 Sites

 

MP3 Online

– http://www.digistar.mb.ca/nl/mp3links.htm

Artist/Band Sites

 

Pop Music Search Site

– http://ubl.artistdirect.com/

Various Genres

 

Sympatico Music

– http://music.sympatico.ca/genres.html

Retail Music Stores

 

AllMusicStores.Com

– http://www.allmusicstores.com/index.html

World Music

 

Roots World

– http://www.rootsworld.com/rw/

Print

Klein, Naomi. No Logo. Toronto: Random House of Canada Ltd., 2000.

 

Activity 3:  Composing and Arranging

Time:  4 hours

Description

Using the composition created in Unit 2 - Composing and Arranging, Activity 8, students add performance parameters, e.g., dynamics, tempo changes, phrasing, layering, rehearsal marks, to a score and parts in preparation for final arrangement, publication, and performance.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE4e - sets appropriate goals and priorities in school, work, and personal life;

CGE4f - applies effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time and resource management skills;

CGE7b - accepts accountability for one’s own actions.

Strand(s):  Theory, Creation

Overall Expectations

THV.02 - demonstrate the ability to notate complex rhythmic patterns, melodies, and chords accurately through listening;

THV.03 - describe the use of technology in music research, in performance and composition, and in the distribution of music;

CRV.03 - compose and/or arrange musical works, showing an understanding of the creative process;

CRV.04 - use music technologies appropriately in composing, editing, and performing, and in distributing their creative work.

Specific Expectations

TH2.01 - explain the use of advanced editing techniques in sequencing and notation;

TH2.02 - explain the use of the Internet in music research and composition;

CR2.01 - compose and/or arrange simple homophonic compositions in four or more parts, using technology where appropriate;

CR2.02 - compose a simple piece in a twentieth-century style using appropriate techniques and appropriate technology;

CR2.04 - demonstrate an understanding of all stages of the creative process in producing compositions and/or arrangements.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Basic aural skills and visual identification skills related to the analysis of music are necessary.

·         Basic skills in MIDI sequencing and notation software are required.

·         The teacher ensures that students develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will allow them to use this computer technology effectively, confidently, and ethically.

Planning Notes

·         This activity is designed to complement the activities contained in Unit 2 - Composing and Arranging, Activity 8.

·         A MIDI workstation including a keyboard, computer with appropriate sound card, headset, and notation software must be available for parts of this assignment.

·         MIDI equipment must be accessible to students so they may work independently or in a group/lab situation.

·         The teacher should ensure adequate supervision of students working independently.

·         The teacher needs to be familiar with the capabilities of the notation software to be used in this exercise. Please refer to Appendix 5C – A Guide to Advanced Notation Software, for a glossary of terms.

·         For review, the teacher may want to find an audio performance of the sample score and discuss how the detailed editing improves the expressiveness of the piece.

·         The catalogue of class pieces will be included in the webpage/slide show in Activity 5.

·         The teacher may wish to access Appendix MT-5 – Notation Software Mastery Checklist from the Grade 10 Public Profile.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   The teacher reviews basic note entry and editing skills with the class.

2.   The teacher loads a short MIDI score into the notation software, and demonstrates the range of advanced editing techniques available in the notation software. Students may use Appendix 5C – A Guide to Advanced Notation Software. Instead of using a teacher developed MIDI file, the teacher could use one of the samples provided with most notation software.

3.   The teacher demonstrates the editing process. Students follow along and edit their copies of the sample score.

4.   Students enter their score into the notation software using basic entry skills and print a draft copy.

5.   Students share their scores within a small group setting. The group considers possible interpretations for the pieces using Appendix 5D – Advanced Notation Worksheet. A final version of each group member’s piece is created.

6.   Students complete the editing of their basic score in preparation of submission to the teacher for evaluation using the rubric (Appendix 5E – Advanced Scoring Evaluation Rubric).

7.   The student creates, edits, and prints the parts from the score. These, too, are evaluated using the rubric.

8.   Students prepare a catalogue of all the pieces prepared by the class in the style of a movie rating, best seller list, etc. This catalogue includes a short description of the piece, its possible use, and playing difficulty.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

·         Teacher feedback

·         Peer and self-assessment

·         The class catalogue (TL#8)

·         Rubric

Accommodations

·         Students may work with a partner, pairing a strong music student with a strong technology student.

·         Allow additional time as required.

·         Students with advanced skills in music technology could produce a CD with side-by-side excerpts from the MIDI and acoustic performances.

·         On-line and software “Help” is available.

·         Repeat listening examples as required.

Resources

Composers in Electronic Residence

– http://www.edu.yorku.ca/CIERmain.html

Finale Notepad Freeware Notator

– http://www.codamusic.com/coda/np.asp

Appendices

Appendix 5C – A Guide to Advanced Notation Software

Appendix 5D – Advanced Notation Worksheet

Appendix 5E – Advanced Scoring Evaluation Rubric

 

Activity 4:  Performance

Time:  5 hours

Description

Students rehearse the piece published in Activity 3 of this unit, receiving feedback from the teacher and peers. Students will use advanced recording/sequencing and editing techniques to produce a quality CD or cassette copy, and a digital (MIDI, MP3 or WAV) file of their performance.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE2c - presents information and ideas clearly and honestly, and with sensitivity to others;

CGE3c - thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems;

CGE4b - demonstrates flexibility and adaptability;

CGE5e - respects the rights, responsibilities, and contributions of self and others;

CGE5g - achieves excellence, originality, and integrity in one’s own work and supports these qualities in the work of others.

Strand(s):  Theory, Analysis

Overall Expectations

THV.03 - describe the use of technology in music research, in performance and composition, and in the distribution of music;

CRV.04 - use music technologies appropriately in composing, editing, and performing, and in distributing their creative work.

Specific Expectations

TH2.01 - explain the use of advanced editing techniques in sequencing and notation;

TH2.02 - explain the use of the Internet in music research and composition;

CR2.01 - compose and/or arrange simple homophonic compositions in four or more parts, using technology where appropriate;

CR2.03 - improvise melodies within given parameters.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         Basic aural skills and visual identification skills related to the analysis of music are necessary.

·         Familiarity with the effective and ethical use of the Internet is essential.

·         Basic skills in MIDI sequencing are helpful.

·         Basic independent research and presentation skills are necessary.

·         The teacher ensures that students develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will allow them to use this computer technology effectively, confidently, and ethically.

·         Conducting skills, which have been developed in the Listening/Analysis unit, will be utilized in this unit.

·         A familiarity with basic recording techniques is required.

Planning Notes

·         The student composition from Activity 3 of this unit is used in this activity.

·         A MIDI workstation including a keyboard, computer with appropriate sound card, headset, and sequencing notation software must be available for parts of this assignment.

·         MIDI equipment should be accessible to students so they may work independently or in a group/lab situation.

·         The teacher should ensure adequate supervision of students working independently.

·         The exact parameters outlined for inclusion in the assignment (Appendix 5F – Audio Recording Manual) are software and hardware specific, and therefore, vary from classroom to classroom. The teacher should investigate the advanced techniques available locally and include them in an Audio Recording Manual developed independently by the teacher or edited from Appendix F – Audio Recording Manual, or from the manual available in the software or on-line.

·         If this Activity is to be used as a “stand alone” activity, other small ensemble repertoire may be used for student performance and recording in place of the student composition from Activity 3.

·         Although the intention of this activity is to use digital media, analog equipment may be used. It would be possible, for example, to have a student write music for a short video excerpt and record their music as an audio track.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   Students practise conducting the arrangement of their compositions from Activity 3 with a small ensemble of appropriate instrumentation.

2.   The teacher distributes Appendix F – Audio Recording Manual and outlines the process and considerations required for audio recording with particular emphasis on advanced techniques, e.g., Stereo recording, adding reverb/echo, equalization, etc.

3.   The teacher demonstrates the process by recording the class and carrying the process through to the completion of the final product in the desired medium.

4.   Students prepare the recording equipment and conduct their compositions as the ensemble is being recorded.

5.   Students complete the final mix-down adding features available in the specific hardware/software that are appropriate for their composition.

6.   Students create an audio recording (CD or cassette) and/or a digital file (WAV, MP3, or MIDI file) of their piece. The exact type of file is determined by the nature of the product in Activity 5.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

·         Teacher feedback

·         Response Journal

·         Peer feedback

Accommodations

·         Students may work with a partner, pairing a strong music student with a strong technology student.

·         Allow additional time.

·         Use of on-line and software “Help” can be taught and encouraged.

Resources

Cool Edit Freeware Recorder

– http://www.cooledit.com

The Association of Professional Recording Services

– http://www.aprs.co.uk/

Audio Engineering Society

– http://www.aes.org/

The Music Producers Guild

– http://www.mpg.org.uk/

Sound Engineers Guild

– http://www.695.com

Audiomedia Web magazine dealing with sound and recording

– http://www.audiomedia.com/

Education Network of Ontario: Recording Tips

– http://www.enoreo.on.ca/musiccyberfest/suppor.htm#ST

Windows Recorder/Mixer Tips

– http://www.cakewalk.com/Support/Lessons/WindowsMixer.htm

Appendix

Appendix 5F – Audio Recording Manual

 

Activity 5:  Culminating Unit

Time:  6 hours

Description

Students create pages for a class website, electronic slide show, or interactive CD. Consideration is given to the design, promotion, and distribution of the musical material they have created in preceding activities. Using the catalogue developed in Activity 3 as a template/index, a webpage/slideshow/CD including all students’ works is created. Students choose artwork and visuals to be included in the presentation of their particular piece. This artwork should reflect the particular mood, feeling, or atmosphere evoked by their compositions. These images can, depending on the software/hardware, be timed to coincide with particular events in the music.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE2a - listens actively and critically to understand and learn in light of gospel values;

CGE3c - thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems;

CGE4b - demonstrates flexibility and adaptability;

CGE4f - applies effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, and time and resource management skills;

CGE5g - achieves excellence, originality, and integrity in one’s own work and supports these qualities in the work of others.

Strand(s):  Theory, Creation, Analysis

Overall Expectations

THV.03 - describe the use of technology in music research, in performance and composition, and in the distribution of music;

ANV.04 - analyse the relationship between music and its cultural context;

ANV.05 - demonstrate an understanding of possibilities for postsecondary studies and for careers in music;

CRV.03 - compose and/or arrange musical works, showing an understanding of the creative process;

CRV.04 - use music technologies appropriately in composing, editing, and performing, and in distributing their creative work.

Specific Expectations

TH2.01 - explain the use of advanced editing techniques in sequencing and notation;

TH2.02 - explain the use of the Internet in music research and composition;

TH2.03 - demonstrate knowledge of the different methods of music distribution;

TH2.04 - demonstrate an understanding of legal aspects of playing, recording, and taping music, and of photocopying musical material;

CR2.01 - compose and/or arrange simple homophonic compositions in four or more parts, using technology where appropriate;

CR2.04 - demonstrate an understanding of all stages of the creative process in producing compositions and/or arrangements;

CR2.05 - promote and distribute student compositions and/or arrangements, using appropriate technology;

AN1.08 - explain how current social, economic, and technological factors affect the performance, composition, and production and distribution of music;

AN1.09 - analyse the impact of the arts, especially of music, on the local economy, the Ontario economy, and the Canadian economy.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

·         This unit relies on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes developed in all the previous activities of this unit.

·         Familiarity with the effective and ethical use of the Internet is essential.

·         Basic independent research and presentation skills are necessary.

·         The teacher ensures that students develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will allow them to use the computer technology effectively, confidently, and ethically.

Planning Notes

·         A computer lab with Internet access would be an asset for the Internet file searching component part of this assignment. A sequencing program is not required for this stage.

·         MIDI equipment should be accessible to students so they may work independently or in a group/lab situation.

·         The teacher must take responsibility for the overall format of the webpage/slideshow/CD.

·         The completed individual student websites and/or the class website could be linked to student compositions and performance sites on the Internet, e.g., Education Network of Ontario’s MusicCyberfest.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   Students meet together as a class to discuss and agree upon the unifying theme and goals for the webpage/CD/slideshow and ways of assuring the success of the project.

2.   A tracking sheet is developed by the group to ensure the timely completion of the project.

3.   Students find art work (on the Internet, magazines, scanned copies of peer work), reflecting the particular mood, feeling, or atmosphere evoked by their composition.

4.   Students create the slides/webpage(s), which complement their composition (Activities 3 and 4). Included on the slides/page(s) are the compositions’ MIDI version (Activity 3), the recorded version (Activity 4), and the art work associated with the composition. A description of students’ intentions regarding style, form, and artistic considerations is linked to the pages/slides. This description includes students’ assessment of how effectively they achieved their goals. The description is considered in the evaluation (Appendix 5G – Culminating Task Evaluation Rubric - Communication).

5.   Students test market their pages to students not in the music class. These students are asked to assess the product on a rating scale (Appendix 5H – Market Assessment).

6.   Students consider the non-music student reaction to the presentation prior to the compilation of their final product. The student is given time to rework their composition based on the feedback.

7.   The teacher aids students in the amalgamation of their works with that of other students, to create a unified product (website, slideshow, installation).

8.   The teacher uses Appendix 5G – Culminating Task Evaluation Rubric to evaluate the activity.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

·         Teacher feedback

·         Self-assessment (comparing their written intentions to the reactions of the other class members and those of the non-class members).

Accommodations

·         Allow additional time if required.

·         On-line and software “Help” is available.

Resources

Website Design Basics

– http://www.sentex.net/~sfinlay/e3web/basics.html

Web Design Tutorial

– http://www.dreamink.com

Education Network of Ontario MusicCyberFest

– http://www.enoreo.on.ca/musiccyberfest

Appendices

Appendix 5G – Culminating Task Evaluation Rubric

Appendix 5H – Market Assessment


Appendix 5A

Comparison Chart: MIDI vs. Acoustic Recording

 

Piece:

 

Composer:

 

Element Of Music:

 

Acoustic Recording:

MIDI Source:

Rhythm

 

 

 

Texture

 

 

 

Harmony

 

 

 

Orchestration

 

 

 

Melody

 

 

 

Dynamics

 

 

 

Form

 

 

 

General Observations

 

 

 

 


Appendix 5B

Finding MIDI Files

Acoustic recordings of the following pieces are available in our library:

 

Piece

 

Composer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Choose one and download a few MIDI file samples:

·         Connect to the Internet, using the browser you normally use (Netscape, Explorer, AOL, etc.)

·         You can go directly to a known site by typing the “URL” for the site (e.g., www.something_or_other.com), and start looking for music. Some good sites to start with are:

 

Classical Music

– http://midiworld.com/classic.htm

– http://www.classicalarchives.com/

Marches

– http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Base/7885/marches.htm

Jazz

– http://www.jayp.net/jukebox/jazz.htm

– http://www.rats2u.com/clipart/animation/midi_jazz.htm

Pop

– http://www.angelfire.com/ok/magicofmusicals/midi.html

– http://members.tripod.com/midi_delight/

 

·         If you don’t know where to find your music selection, go to your favourite “search engine” (Yahoo, Altavista, WebCrawler, Google) and type in MIDI as well as the type of music for which are looking (e.g., if I wanted jazz, in the search area I’d type “MIDI jazz.” The search engine will then give you a list of websites you could visit to find the music for which you are looking.

·         Listen to several versions of the files you have found. To listen to each, just left-click with your mouse on the song file, and in a few moments, your computer will automatically begin to play the music for you through your computer speakers or headphones

·         You will require a version that is as accurate, pleasing, and complete as possible. Once you decide which file you want to access, right-click the file, and a list of options will pop up.

·         Left-click on “save file as,” and then save it to your computer or floppy.


Appendix 5C

A Guide to Advanced Notation Software

 

This guide is intended to summarize some of possibilities available to you for editing and arranging music using a notation program. Depending on the program you are using, you may have available all of the tools described below, or only a limited number. You will also have tools which are not described in this handout, but which you may find useful. Use your software documentation, as well as “tutorial” and “Help” guides to determine the capabilities of your software.

 

Active Dynamics

Almost all notation programs allow you to listen to the score as a MIDI file. A number of the programs also include “Active Dynamics” in which the graphic symbol used in the score actually controls MIDI playback, e.g., f will in the score play forte in playback, mp will play mezzo piano.

Active repeats

Some notation programs allow active repeats, including standard repeats, repeat bars, DC al Fine, DC al Coda, etc., which will exist as notation symbols and control the playback of a piece of music.

Cut, Copy, Insert, Paste

The same basic editing commands that are used in other computer applications, including word processors and spreadsheets, will work with most notation software, e.g., left click and drag to select a section of your work, Control-C to copy, Control-V to paste, etc.

Layering

Layering allows multiple “layers” of notes with different rhythmic values to share the same staff. This is useful for scoring 1st, 2nd, and/or 3rd parts on the same staff, or for percussion parts displaying more than one instrument.

Layout tool

The layout tool is used to control the overall appearance of your piece, including margins and relative position of staves. Use this tool to make your final printed copy more “playable.”

Looping

Certain recurring musical patterns, including percussion rhythms, can be set up as “loops” or repeating patterns.

Lyrics tool

Most notation programs include an intelligent lyrics tool which will automatically align lyrics with melody as they are typed in.

Mirroring

Sections of a staff or score that are closely related can be linked, or “mirrored,” so that changes made to one mirrored segment are automatically made to all the linked segments.

Multi-Measure Rests

When separating a composition into parts from the score, you are able to control the appearance of multi-measure rests to avoid wasted paper and improve the appearance of your finished product.

Paste, forms of

There are several ways to “paste” in most notation programs and sequencers, including “replace entries,” which erases what is on the staff and replaces it; “move over,” which inserts your entry, and slides existing entries to the left; and “blended” or “layered” entries (See Layering).

Phrasing

Markings for phrasing, including ties and longer phrase markings, can be “stretched” as long as the user wishes. In some programs, these marking are “active” (See Active Dynamics).


Appendix 5C  (Continued)

 

Pitch to Midi

An increasing number of notation and sequencing programs will allow students to record their acoustic instruments, using a microphone hooked to the computer sound card, changing the acoustic sound into MIDI notes. This feature requires a faster computer and considerable pitch accuracy from the student. Various rhythmic options, including playing with a metronome, and step-time entry are possible (See Quantize).

Quantize

Students who have used “real time entry” from a MIDI keyboard or instrument to enter the music on their staves may use “quantize” to correct the note placement and rhythmic values of their product. Set “quantize” to the value of the shortest note duration you wish to use in your printed score, and it will correct minor rhythmic problems. You can “quantize” just the printed score, or both the score and the MIDI performance/sequence.

Special Noteheads

Special Noteheads (or fonts) displays varied noteheads for percussion, as well as specially sized or shaped notes, grace notes, cue notes, etc.

Stem Direction

Use this to “freeze” the stem direction of parts either up or down. Useful in percussion or multi-part staves (See Layering).

Text tool

Used to add text to you composition, this tool usually includes templates for title, composer, arranger, part, and copyright information.

 

Appendix 5D

Advanced Notation Worksheet

 

Name

Date

Composition

Style/Technique

Meets guidelines of Basic Notation Software Mastery Checklist q

At this point, you have used your notation software to enter your basic score. Your task now is to use the advanced features of your notation software to produce both a high quality printable sheet music version of your score and parts, and a MIDI version of your composition. To help you with this, give this sheet and your basic score to two other class members for their reviews and suggestions. Use these suggestions to guide the decisions you will make in producing your final copy. You must use at least five advanced editing techniques appropriate to your composition.

Reviewer #1:

Date:

Refer to Appendix 5C, A Guide to Advanced Notation Software, providing review and suggestions for final scoring and printing:

 

 

 

 

Appendix 5D  (Continued)

 

Reviewer #2:

Date:

Refer to Appendix 5C, A Guide to Advanced Notation Software, providing review and suggestions for final scoring and printing:

 

 

 

 

Composer: Final Decisions:

Date:

Outline the advanced tools you plan to use in the final published version of your piece, explaining why you have chosen to use those particular editing features:

 

 

 

 

Advanced Editing Features:

Active Dynamics

q

Active Repeats

q

Phrasing and Articulation Markings

q

Layering

q

Mirroring

q

Text: Lyrics, Attributions…

q

Special Noteheads, Note Fonts

q

Use of Cut, Copy, Paste…

q

Layout/Multi-Measure Rest

q

Real Time Note Entry, Quantizing

q

Pitch to MIDI Note Entry

q

Other Features:…………………………

q

 

Appendix 5E

Advanced Scoring Evaluation Rubric

Category/Criteria

Level 1

(50-59%)

Level 2

(69-69%)

Level 3

(70-79%)

Level 4

(80-100%)

Knowledge/ Understanding

The parts are correctly formatted for the particular instrument and performance. (Transposition, note type, multi-bar rests, etc.)

 

 

- limited numbers of parts are correctly formatted for the particular instrument and performance

 

 

- some of the parts are correctly formatted for the particular instrument and performance

 

 

- the parts are correctly formatted for the particular instrument and performance

 

 

- the parts are correctly formatted for the particular instrument and performance and extra details are added to help in performance, e.g., cue notes

Appendix 5E  (Continued)

 

Category/Criteria

Level 1

(50-59%)

Level 2

(69-69%)

Level 3

(70-79%)

Level 4

(80-100%)

Knowledge/ Understanding

The score and parts exhibit correct and complete labelling of parts, sections, copyright, page numbers, etc.

- exhibits a limited number of correct and complete labelling of parts, sections, copyright, page numbers, etc.

- exhibits some of the correct and complete labelling of parts, sections, copyright, page numbers, etc.

- exhibits correct and complete labelling of parts, sections, copyright, page numbers, etc.

- exhibits all or most correct and complete labelling of parts, sections, copyright, page numbers, etc.

Thinking/Inquiry

The score and parts exhibit use of layered parts for clarification.

- exhibits limited use of layered parts for clarification

- exhibits some use of layered parts for clarification

- exhibits considerable use of layered parts for clarification

- exhibits extensive use of layered parts for clarification

Communication

The added details contribute to the musicality of the piece.

- contributes little to the musicality and effectiveness of the piece

- contributes somewhat to the musicality of the piece

- contributes considerably to the musicality of the piece

- contributes greatly to the musicality of the piece

Application

The score and parts exhibit use of appropriate, and detailed dynamics.

 

 

 

 

The score and parts exhibit appropriate use of phrasing notation.

 

 

 

The parts accurately reflect the complete details in the score.

- exhibits limited dynamic indications that have limited effectiveness

 

 

 

 

- exhibits limited use of phrasing notation

 

 

- demonstrates parts that reflect the complete details in the score with limited accuracy

- exhibits some effective dynamic indications

 

 

 

 

 

- exhibits some use of phrasing

notation

 

 

 

- demonstrates parts that reflect the complete details in the score with some accuracy

- exhibits considerable, effective dynamic indications

 

 

 

 

- exhibits considerable and appropriate use of phrasing notation

 

- demonstrates parts that reflect the complete details in the score with considerable accuracy

- exhibits extensive dynamic indications that greatly contribute to the effectiveness of the piece

 

- exhibits extensive and appropriate use of phrasing notation

 

- demonstrates parts that reflect the complete details in the score with a high degree of accuracy

Note:  The student whose achievement is below Level 1 (50%) has not met the expectations for this assignment or activity.


Appendix 5F

Audio Recording Manual

In addition to the basic features of record and play, you can use your digital recording device or recording/sequencing program to improve your recording in a number of ways. Some of the most useful are listed below. In addition, don’t be afraid to experiment with some of the more exotic features; just remember to keep a copy of your original “master recording” somewhere safe, in case you need to start over.

Ambient Sound

Ambient Sounds are the background sounds (florescent lights, computer fans, etc.) that exist in a recording environment. Try to limit these in your recording setting, and use Noise Reduction to eliminate them from your recording

Amplitude, Amplify

Amplitude tools control aspects of volume. This category of tools will allow you to “boost” or “cut” the overall volume of a recorded track, or any section of that track. It can also be used to “fade in” and “fade out.” Other amplitude tools include Dynamic Envelope and Normalize, both referring to pre-set amplification patterns.

Chorus

See Delay effects

Cut, Copy, Insert, Paste

The same basic editing commands that are used in other computer applications, including word processors and spreadsheets, will work with most recoding and sequencing software, e.g., left click and drag to select a section of your work, Control-C to copy, Control-V to paste, etc. This can be used to cut out periods of silence before, after, and during your recording, and to perform a wide range of imaginative editing techniques. These tools are especially helpful when using a multi-track recorder or sequencing program. There are a number of specialized paste functions, which will allow overlapping and cross-fading between tracks.

Delay Effects

Delay effects all have to do with producing an Echo that will play concurrently with your original recording, usually giving it a fuller sound. Delay control parameters are most often expressed in milliseconds. Anything over 35 milliseconds will be perceived as a distinct echo or echo chamber effect, while those between 15 and 35 milliseconds are referred to as chorus, flanging, or reverb. Your recording utility will probably have a range of pre-sets for all of these effects.

Distortion

Distortion is used to mimic a range of acoustic and electronic amplification effects, such as 50’s mic, muffled mic, bullhorn, tube-amp emulation, and various electric guitar effects, such as feedback, fuzz, and overdrive.

Dynamic envelope

See Amplitude

Echo, Echo Chamber

See Delay effects

Equalizer

The equalizer is used to control the volume and intensity of specific frequencies, or “bands” in your recording. For example, it can be used to emphasize the bass sounds in your recording, or to bring out the middle voices. See also filters.

Filters

A selection of pre-set values in your recording utility that will filter out certain frequencies of sound. Hiss filters will take out that high, hissing, “cassette-tape” type sound, while hum filters will help remove unwanted low-frequency sounds. Filters can also be used to boost or cut bass or treble sound.

Appendix 5F (Continued)

Flanging

See Delay effects

Hiss

See Filters

Hum

See Filters

Multi-track

Technically, any program that will record and process more than one track of sound is “multi-track.” However, the term is usually used for recorders and programs that deal with four or more discrete music tracks. Most current MIDI sequencing programs will function as multi-track recorders, including Cakewalk, Cubase, PowerTracks, and ProTools.

Noise Reduction

Noise reduction allows you to reduce or eliminate background noise in your composition. Some programs allow you to “sample” a period of silence on your recording to determine the level of ambient sound, using this as a starting point for noise reduction. Experiment with levels of noise reduction; too much can have an unpleasant effect on your recording.

Normalize

See Amplitude

Reverb

See Delay Effects

Stereo Effects

Stereo Effects allows you to choose which speaker channel(s) to send a track of music to. You can choose left, right, or left and right. Some sequencing programs will allow you to move or slide the same voice back and forth from left to right.

Appendix 5G

Culminating Task Evaluation Rubric

Category/Criteria

Level 1

(50-59%)

Level 2

(60-69%)

Level 3

(70-79%)

Level 4

(80-100%)

Knowledge/ Understanding

The student demonstrates an understanding of the use of advanced technology in notating music.

 

The student demonstrates understanding in advanced sequencing techniques.

 

The student demonstrates an understanding of the advanced recording techniques.

 

 

- demonstrates limited understanding of advanced music technology

 

- demonstrates limited understanding in advanced sequencing techniques

 

- demonstrates a limited understanding of the advanced recording techniques

 

 

- demonstrates some understanding of advanced music technology

 

- demonstrates some understanding in advanced sequencing techniques

 

- demonstrates some understanding of the advanced recording techniques

 

 

- demonstrates considerable understanding of advanced music technology

 

- demonstrates considerable understanding in advanced sequencing techniques

 

- demonstrates considerable understanding of the advanced recording techniques

 

 

- demonstrates extensive understanding of advanced music technology

 

- demonstrates extensive understanding in advanced sequencing techniques

 

- demonstrates an extensive understanding of the advanced recording techniques

Appendix 5G  (Continued)

Category/Criteria

Level 1

(50-59%)

Level 2

(60-69%)

Level 3

(70-79%)

Level 4

(80-100%)

Thinking/Inquiry

The student’s work demonstrates an understanding of the process of composition.

 

The student’s work exhibits facility in using the music technology during the composition process.

 

- demonstrates a limited understanding of the process of composition

 

- exhibits limited facility in using the music technology during the composition process

 

- demonstrates some understanding of the process of composition

 

- exhibits some facility in using the music technology during the composition process

 

- demonstrates considerable understanding of the process of composition

 

- exhibits considerable facility in using the music technology during the composition process

 

- demonstrates a thorough understanding of the process of composition

 

- exhibits extensive facility in using the music technology during the composition process

Communication

The student work reflects the theme and goals outlined by the class.

 

 

 

The student effectively explains the goals and process in the written work.

 

- reflects the theme and goals outlined by the class with limited effectiveness

 

 

- explains the goals and process in the written work marginally

 

- reflects the theme and goals outlined by the class with some effectiveness

 

 

- explains the goals and process in the written work with some effectiveness

 

- reflects the theme and goals outlined by the class with considerable effectiveness

 

- explains the goals and process in the written work effectively and with detail

 

- reflects the theme and goals outlined by the class clearly and effectively

 

 

- explains the goals and process in the written work effectively and with thorough detail

Application

The student effectively uses the creative process in completion of the work.

 

 

The student demonstrates facility in integrating the various technologies in producing a final product.

 

- uses the creative process in completion of the work with limited effectiveness

 

 

- demonstrates limited facility in integrating the various technologies in producing a final product

 

- uses the creative process in completion of the work with some effectiveness

 

 

- demonstrates some facility in integrating the various technologies in producing a final product

 

- uses the creative process in completion of the work effectively

 

 

 

- demonstrates considerable facility in integrating the various technologies in producing a final product

 

- makes thorough and effective use of the creative process in completion of the work

 

- demonstrates extensive facility in integrating the various technologies in producing a final product

Note: The student whose achievement is below Level 1 (50%) has not met the expectations for this assignment or activity.

Appendix 5H

Market Assessment

 

Student: ______________________________________

 

Composition: ______________________________________

 

 

Assessor’s Name: ______________________________________

 

Please assess all aspects of the webpage under the following criteria:

 

 

Agree

 

 

 

Disagree

Music is interesting to listen to

1

2

3

4

5

Music is easy to access

1

2

3

4

5

Considerable detail in visual presentation

1

2

3

4

5

Music and visuals seem connected

1

2

3

4

5

Written material clearly explains the intent of the page

1

2

3

4

5

Different/Original

1

2

3

4

5

 

 

What one sentence would you use to best describe the overall mood of the piece?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

How do the visual features of the site complement the music?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

What other visual ideas/cues does this music evoke for you? Could they be effectively added to the site?

 

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

 

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