Course Profile   Transportation Technology (TTJ4C), Grade 12, College Preparation, Combined

 

Unit 2:  Sources of Energy and Power Transmission for

                   Mass Transit Vehicles and Systems

Time:  30 hours

 

Activity 1 | Activity 2

 

Unit Description

Students examine energy issues related to mass transportation, such as energy sources, conversion techniques, power transfer, and control systems. Many of the current propulsion systems for air, land, and marine mass transit and vehicles use fossil fuels. Alternative energy sources and control systems are examined from the perspective of their social, environmental, and economic impact. Students research energy systems, then build a power generating system to test alternative power ideas. Through this unit, students learn to appreciate that as responsible citizens, we all have a duty to protect and preserve the environment for future generations.

Unit Synopsis Chart

Activity

Time

Learning Expectations

Assessment Categories

Focus

2.1
Energy in Transportation

7.5 hours

TFV.03, TFV.04, TF3.01, TF3.02, TF3.04, TF3.05, SPV.03, IC1.02
CGE3b, CGE5c, CGE7i

Knowledge/Understanding
Communication
Application

Research existing sources of energy and forms of conversion used in transportation

2.2
Building an Operating Energy System for Transportation

22.5 hours

TFV.01, TF1.02, TF3.02, SPV.01, SPV.04, SP1.03, SP4.02, SP4.03, ICV.02, IC2.01
CGE3c, CGE4a, CGE5a, CGE5c

Thinking/Inquiry
Application

Build a test electrical generation system

 

Activity 1:  Energy in Transportation

Time:  7.5 hours

Description

Students research and analyse existing forms of energy sources, its distribution systems, and forms of conversion as it relates to transportation technology. Students investigate ideas regarding environmentally friendly methods of generating electricity in transportation systems. It is in humankind’s best interest to learn to properly manage energy resources and continue to develop alternatives for the good of all people, especially those in need, at present and in the future.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE3b - creates, adapts, and evaluates new ideas in light of the common good;

CGE5c - develops one’s God-given potential and makes a meaningful contribution to society;

CGE7i - respects the environment and uses resources wisely.

Strand(s):  Theory and Foundation, Skills and Processes

Overall Expectations

TFV.03 - analyse and describe the kinds of and costs of different forms of energy conversion used in transportation of people and goods using land, air, and marine vehicles;

TFV.04 - research sources of energy and power transmission that could be used to fuel vehicles and transportation systems in the future;

SPV.03 - communicate effectively regarding the transportation sector using a variety of means.

Specific Expectations

TF3.01 - describe a variety of energy sources and investigate the availability of future energy sources;

TF3.02 - analyse the requirements of converting various types of energy into power in terms of such things as the equipment required, efficiency, and costs;

TF3.04 - explain the by-products produced by the conversion of a variety of energy sources;

TF3.05 - analyse and describe the power requirements of different vehicles and the energy source of each and its transmission method;

IC1.02 - describe possible negative impacts of transportation activities on the environment and identify a variety of materials, processes, and waste-management methods to minimize them.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

Students should have basic computer knowledge and library and Internet research skills developed in the prerequisite course, Transportation Technology, Grade 11, College Preparation.

Planning Notes

This research activity requires access to a library and computers with Internet connections. The teacher should also arrange for videos prior to initiating the activity (see Resources).

Please note that the teacher should feel free to change the number of questions posed to students in Appendix 2.1.1 – Energy and Vehicles of Mass Transportation. Students should have the challenge of investigating several energy sources and their respective economic and ecological impacts.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   The teacher leads a discussion regarding different types of energy conversion. Students list different types of energy conversions, e.g., internal combustion engine converts potential energy into kinetic and heat energy, a battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy, a windmill can convert wind energy into kinetic or electrical energy. The discussion then focuses on how these forms of energy are applied in transportation systems (urban subway systems rely heavily on electrical energy, rail systems rely heavily on internal combustion processes) and in vehicles (mass transit vehicles may rely on different energy conversion processes than personal vehicles).

2.   The teacher chooses two or three energy generators related to transportation, then has students list positive and negative values associated with each generator. The teacher asks students to consider the environmental impact of each conversion process, and to consider what it means to have “stewardship” as members of the Catholic community. The teacher also asks students to define and give examples of exhaustible, inexhaustible, and renewable energy sources.

3.   The teacher may elect to show a video on energy sources and environmental impact (see Resources). The teacher may also facilitate discussions by having each student at the beginning record two questions or statements of a general nature relating to issues of energy use in land, air, and marine transportation systems. One example of such a query may state, “Why are trains in North America diesel electric and not pure electric as found in Europe?” The introductory lesson should take approximately 75 min.

4.   Students are assigned research tasks and are given a question sheet to fill out responses
(Appendix 2.1.1). Students are given approximately five hours to complete the questions. The answers may take a variety of forms and be the result of discussion, Internet, periodical, text research, or application of prior knowledge.

5.   The teacher uses the last 75 minutes of the activity to review the questions on the activity sheet and to provide directions and meanings. To conclude, the teacher initiates a discussion about using human power to generate electricity, which leads to the next activity.

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Completed questions sheets (Appendix 2.1.1) are assessed on quality and clarity of responses, indication of level of effort and achievement, and evidence of depth of research. Assessment and evaluation may also include an oral presentation by students to the class and/or the teacher.

Accommodations

The teacher may provide those students having difficulties with the research aspect of the activity with additional materials and an increased level of support. Conversely, students with more advanced capabilities may be given leadership roles to assist other students or to help organize a presentation event.

Resources

Non-print Materials

“Energy choices.” (video recording)/MediCinema, Ltd. and Cinar Films, 1994. Toronto, Ontario, MediCinema. ISBN: 1896415067-125-00

“Renewable Energy”(video recording)/BP - Educational Services
– http://www.bpes.com/resources/secondary/renewable.asp

Websites

Guided Tour on Wind Energy – http://www.windpower.dk/tour/index.htm
A guided tour on wind energy

High Speed Maglev – http://www.maglevpa.com/
The Pennsylvania mag lev project website

MontanaGreenPower – http://www.montanagreenpower.com/index.html
Your Guide to Renewable Energy in Montana

US Department of Energy: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network
– http://www.eren.doe.gov/EE/transportation.html
A variety of information on energy sources and systems

Alternative Fuels Data Center – http://www.afdc.doe.gov/
The Alternative Fuels Data Center is a one-stop shop for all your alternative fuel and vehicle information needs.

Communications Canada – http://www.communication.gc.ca/facts/trans_e.html
Communications Canada Fact Sheets: Transportation in Canada

Canada Transportation Development Centre – http://www.tc.gc.ca/tdc/
The Transportation Development Centre (TDC) is Transport Canada’s research organization

Ontario Power Generation Info Centre – http://www.opg.com/info/learning.asp
OPG’s Info Centre is intended to help you understand our business and the technology behind our business

BP-Educational Services – http://www.bpes.com
Educational resources and information

About Shell - New Energy – http://www.shell.com
Shell.com - linking you to our businesses, activities and news worldwide

Online Learning Environment by Ed Schmidt – http://www.geocities.com/Baja/8205/robotenter.htm

Google Web Directory – http://directory.google.com/Top/Science/Technology/Transportation/
A variety of websites located using Google search engine

Popular Mechanics – http://www.popularmechanics.com
A variety of articles from Popular Mechanics magazine


Appendix 2.1.1

Energy and Vehicles of Mass Transportation

 

Student Name: ______________________________

 

Please read all the instructions carefully and research the selected questions thoroughly. The goal of this exercise is to give you an awareness of the current issues in energy production and conservation.

 

Energy can be classified into three categories:

1.   Inexhaustible: This is energy that will always be available. Examples include solar, wind, and geothermal.

2.   Exhaustible: This is energy that cannot be replaced once it is all used up. Examples include fossil fuels and nuclear energy.

3.   Renewable: This is energy that can be used indefinitely if it is properly managed. Examples include wood and plants.

 

Some sources of energy include the following: Wind, Water, Solar, Geothermal, Fossil Fuel, Nuclear, Chemical, Bioconversion, Electrical, and Wood Burning. Many of these energy sources have been used by humankind at one time or another to power various means of transportation. Some energy sources are extremely difficult to collect or harvest, and because of the high cost, not feasible for mass transportation. In your research you will discover facts about these topics that may be historical or future predictions and development. Use some judgment to formulate a balanced perspective for this information in your answers.

Let’s have a look at how some of these energy sources are used to power mass transportation vehicles. Please research the following questions and provide answers using the most informative and succinct response; short answer, fundamental statement, diagram, etc.

 

Electrical Power

1a.  What is electricity and how is electricity created from water?

1b.  Name the other sources of energy that can be used to create electricity.

2.   Name vehicles of mass transportation that are powered solely by electricity.

3.   How is electricity distributed?

4.   How is electricity created in an automobile or in a mag-lev train?

5.   How does a diesel electric engine in a train work?

 

Fossil Fuel Power

6.   How is crude oil transformed into gasoline?

7.   What is diesel fuel?

8.   How is oil extracted from the ground?

9.   What is diesel fuel?

 

Wind Power

10.  How does a wind turbine work?

11.  Is it possible to power a pure electric train through electrical energy generated by a windmill?

12.  How much does a wind turbine cost?

Appendix 2.1.1  (Continued)

 

Energy Comparisons

13.  Describe the differences between energy sources in air, marine, and land vehicles.

14.  What are the benefits of human powered transportation and what are the shortcomings?

15.  What are the waste products of the different energy sources, and describe the disposal of waste products?

16.  Based on your research, what do you feel will be the method of generating energy in vehicles
10 years from now? 25 years from now?

17.  Why is the car considered a big polluter on this planet?

18.  How does a magnetic levitation train work?

 

Energy in Our World

19.  How much does it cost to fill up a 747 Jumbo with jet engine fuel?

20.  What is jet engine fuel?

21.  Read a study about the pollution problems of traveling by airplane and summarize it.

22.  Where are wind turbines placed?

23.  How is nuclear energy produced?

24.  Name vehicles of mass transportation that are powered by nuclear energy.

25.  What does Canada do with nuclear waste?

 

Some Possible Solutions

26.  Would it be possible to produce electricity by pedalling on a bicycle?

27.  What kinds of things could be powered by a bicycle?

28.  Would it be possible to electrically power a mass transit vehicle such as a pedestrian walkway or a city bus through pedal power?

Activity 2:  Building an Operating Energy System for Transportation

Time:  22.5 hours

Description

Building upon the research undertaken in Activity 1, students build a simple power system to generate and store electricity. This system is designed as a test model for activities developed in the next unit. This project is intended to demonstrate both the technological and human challenges in harnessing the energy to move people, products, and things. The activity is intended as a means for putting faith into practice, as humans are involved as developers and operators in harnessing God’s resources.

Strand(s) & Learning Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations

CGE3c - thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems;

CGE4a - demonstrates a confident and positive sense of self and respect for the dignity and welfare of others;

CGE5a - works effectively as an interdependent team member;

CGE5c - develops one’s God-given potential and makes a meaningful contribution to society.

Strand(s):  Theory and Foundation, Skills and Processes, Impact and Consequences

Overall Expectations

TFV.01 - apply the design process to develop solutions, products, processes, or services in response to challenges or problems related to vehicles or vehicle systems;

SPV.01 - apply effective work practices and procedures as part of a team when developing models of mass-transit systems;

SPV.04 - use mathematical and language skills effectively and apply technological and scientific principles to solve vehicle and mass-transit challenges;

ICV.02 - effectively evaluate and implement safe work practices when performing transportation-related tasks.

Specific Expectations

TF1.02 - apply the following steps of the design process to solve a variety of transportation technology challenges or problems:

·         identify what has to be accomplished (the problem);

·         gather and record information, and establish a plan of procedures;

·         brainstorm a list of as many solutions as possible;

·         identify the resources required for each suggested solution and compare each solution to the design criteria, refining, and modifying it as required;

·         evaluate the solutions (e.g., by testing, modeling, and documenting results) and choose the best one;

·         produce presentation and working drawings, sketches, graphics, mathematical and physical models, or a prototype of the best solution;

·         evaluate the prototype and determine the resources, including computer applications, required to produce it;

·         communicate the solution, using one or more of the following: final drawings, graphs, charts, sketches, technical reports, electronic presentations, flow charts, mock-ups, models, prototypes, and so on;

·         obtain feedback on the final solution and repeat the design process if necessary to refine or improve the solution;

TF3.02 - analyse the requirements of converting various types of energy into power in terms of such things as the equipment required, efficiency, and costs;

SP1.03 - simulate the execution of the four typical functions of management: planning (setting goals and a course of action), organizing (structuring the job into manageable tasks), directing (assigning tasks and supervising their completion), and controlling (comparing results against the outlined plan);

SP4.02 - use appropriate language in flow charts, operation and inspection charts, job descriptions, lists of tooling requirements, formal presentations, and bills of material;

SP4.03 - apply the technological systems approach to solving a transportation challenge, taking each of the following into consideration: inputs – all the resources needed to accomplish the goals of the system (e.g., people, knowledge, materials, energy, finance, capital); process – the scheme of purposeful actions and practices that make up the technical aspects of the system; outputs – the goal or ends to which the inputs and processes are applied; and feedback – the mechanisms that provide preferred direction for the system;

IC2.01 - identify safe work practices and recommend the safest and most appropriate method for a particular operation.

Prior Knowledge & Skills

This activity extends the skills and knowledge of design and fabrication work introduced in the prerequisite, Transportation Technology, Grade 11, College Preparation. Students should have basic measuring, fabricating, and component fitting skills, as well as general safe and productive work habits in a technical setting. The teacher should review and reinforce safe work habits throughout the activity.

Planning Notes

This activity involves the design and fabrication of a human powered stationary test vehicle. The design process is one of “prototyping,” where the design is scratch built and immediately tested. The following items are required:

·         method of obtaining energy (i.e., a foot crank - old bicycles, or small engine);

·         method of converting mechanical energy to electrical (i.e., car generator, alternators);

·         method of storing energy (i.e., car battery and associated electrical devices);

·         method of measuring electricity output (multi-meter, gauges or protocol to measure rpm);

·         a load to consume the energy (i.e., 12V car motor);

·         fabrication tools (i.e., torches, MIG or stick welder, drills, grinders, saws);

·         a reasonable stock of spec. steel (angle, tubing and flat) and fasteners.

The basic test vehicle construction may be approached as a small group or full class endeavour. The project may be scheduled concurrently with other projects to allow for material acquisition and equipment scheduling. This provides variety and planned time to develop the project to its full potential.

Opportunities in partnering or showcasing this project for your students and school or board may exist in the community. Local government, engineering firms, Ontario Power Generation, energy/conservation associations or societies should be contacted. Board field trip policies must be followed.

For student portfolios, plan to provide some recognition of the project suitable for inclusion, such as a certificate, article or project précis.

This activity involves a variety of tasks that require students to keep track of their daily accomplishments for assessment and evaluation purposes. See Appendix 2.2.8 for a sample student task log.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.   Students are introduced to the activity through a brief description of the project and an outline of the team member’s roles and responsibilities (Appendix 2.2.1). The project assessment and evaluation sheet and daily task log are also given (Appendices 2.2.2 and 2.2.8).

2.   The values of working with others to accomplish goals and of making meaningful contributions to society are highlighted at the start and reinforced throughout the activity.

3.   The concept of a project “critical path” is discussed (see Appendix 2.2.3), the “parts bin” is stocked, and the format for requesting additional materials and components is addressed. A basic platform package (4' × 8' sheet) is provided.

4.   The definitions on the Engineering Principle Guide (Appendix 2.2.4) are fully discussed by the whole class and the terms are applied to the descriptions and specifications for the alternator/generator, storage, and measuring devices.

5.   The lab’s safety document is reviewed specific to the tools and equipment to be used in this project. Students demonstrate safe and competent use of tools and equipment.

6.   Students are selected to adopt the roles of the eight-member team (can be in a rotating fashion) to complete the project (see Appendix 2.2.1). It is noted that these are leadership “signing” responsibilities only, that all team members are to work cooperatively with whatever task is at hand. The student responsible signs off any completed task on the project log noting his/her team member function at that time. The lead students must address deficiencies in design or fabrication in a timely fashion, or request and log teacher intervention.

7.   The test plans and vehicle(s) are constructed and tested. Revisions to the design are made as needed.

8.   Students conduct tests to record electricity generated.

9.   As an option, visitors and media are invited.

10.  Individual students record results of tests and their own daily logs in a final report or presentation, outlining:

·         the process used to develop the vehicle;

·         the individual student’s management role in the project (job description) and daily tasks accomplished (from daily log sheets);

·         results of engineering tests that the team conducted (using graphs or charts), considerations of materials used (and costs), and tools used in accomplishing project;

·         the safety issues observed and the selection process to decide on fabrication techniques;

·         suggestions for improvements or for further work.

(These reports or presentations are used as a basis for assessment and evaluation.)
(See Appendices 2.2.5 through 2.2.8.)

Assessment & Evaluation of Student Achievement

Students are assessed and evaluated on their individual effort and completion of tasks assigned. Their final reports, posters, or presentations are used to evaluate their knowledge of mathematical and scientific principles, their knowledge of the rapid prototyping process, their individual contribution to the team project, and safety issues in fabrication and testing (See Appendix 2.2.2).

Accommodations

The teacher or peer mentor gives students, uncomfortable with management tasks, extra help.

Students with physical disabilities should be given alternative fabrication tasks or extra help from the teacher and/or peer helpers.

For enrichment, students can be given more responsibilities in project management tasks.

Resources

Print

Soman and Swernofsky. Experience Technology. Illinois: Glencoe MacMillan/McGraw-Hill, 1993.

Haller and Thompson. Technology: Today & Tomorrow. Illinois: Glencoe MacMillan/McGraw-Hill, 1993.

Oberg, et al. Machinery's Handbook, 26th ed. New York: Industrial Press, 2001.
(Information at – http://www.industrialpress.com/mh.htm)

Internet

Scotty’s WAVE – http://www.millenniumwave.com
(Wondrously Advantageous Ventures in Education) teaching design

How Things Work – http://www.howthingswork.com
A source of information on how various technologies work

International Human Powered Vehicle Association (IHPVA) – http://www.ihpva.org/
Promotes improvement, innovation and creativity in the use of human power, especially in the design and development of human-powered vehicles

Exploratorium: Science of cycling: Human Power
– http://www.exploratorium.edu/cycling/humanpower1.html
This site investigates the bicycle as a tremendously efficient means of transportation


Appendix 2.2.1

Project Brief:  The Energy Generator for Transportation

 

Challenge

Using a rapid-prototyping design and fabrication methodology and a supplied parts bin, fabricate an electrical power generation, storage and load device. Within the project, recognize and record specific activities you are involved in as particular roles within a design and technologist team.

 

Team Project Deliverables

·         Project Layout - an executed design of an operable generator and load

·         Power Plant Components – a project specific set of components

·         Engineering Specifications - Materials Report covering all materials used

·         Data Record – test results from constructed electrical power generation storage and load device.

 

Individual Project Deliverables

·         Team role account – Project Development Timeline and Check-off (Appendix 2.2.3 – Critical Path)

·         Daily Task Log – (Appendix 2.2.8) and description of role in generator development

 

Parts Bin

·         Bicycle cranks, drive chain and gear assembly or suitable small engine, drive wheel/gear

·         Assorted angle, rod and tube steel or uni-strut material

·         12v Drive motor

·         Copper Conductor (assorted gauges)

·         Storage Batteries (automotive, marine or purpose-specific type)

·         Grip tape or paint

·         Automotive Alternator with suitable drive coupler

·         Storage box or bin(s)

·         Drums and belt for conveyor drive or wheels for cart

·         Multi-meter or voltmeter, ammeter or charge indicator lamp

·         Fasteners, assorted wood, plastic, and metals

·         Platform (4' × 8' sheet material)

 

Team Member Roles and Responsibilities

Project Manager

Finance, Time Control, Personnel Control, Procedures
and Operation Consultant

Design Engineer

Platform Layout, Component Selection, Specification Development

Materials Engineer

Selection and Report on Materials, Production Consultation,
Prototype Components

Production Engineer

Assembly and Modifications

Operating Engineer

Operation and Maintenance Procedures

Maintenance Mechanic

Post-Prototype Components, Manufacturing and Repair
(wood and plastics fixtures)

Welder

Fabrication (metal fixtures) and Assembly of Components

Electrician

Wiring, Instrumentation, and Controls

Appendix 2.2.2

Test Vehicle Fabrication Rubric

 

Criteria

Level 1
(50-59%)

Level 2
(60-69%)

Level 3
(70-79%)

Level 4
(80-100%)

Knowledge/ Understanding
- knowledge of scientific technical and mathematical concepts
TF3.02, SPV.04, SP4.02

 

 

- uses math, technical and scientific terms and principles in limited fashion when describing project

 

 

- adequately uses math, technical and scientific terms and principles in describing project

 

 

- effectively uses math, technical and scientific terms and principles in describing project

 

 

- high degree of effective use of math, technical and scientific terms, and principles in describing project

Application
- application of design procedures, contribution to solving challenges
TFV.01, TF1.02, SP4.03
CGE3c, CGE5c

 

 

 

 

- contributes effectively as a team member
SPV.01, SP1.03
CGE4a, CGE5a

- uses procedures, tools, and equipment safely
ICV.02, IC2.01

 

- individual contribution demonstrates limited participation in prototyping procedures, problem solving

 

 

 

- participation in team efforts and assigned tasks is limited

 

- uses procedures, equipment, and technology safely and correctly only with supervision

 

- individual contribution demonstrates some participation in prototyping procedures, problem solving

 

 

 

- adequately participates in team efforts and assigned tasks

 

- uses procedures, equipment, and technology safely and correctly with some supervision

 

- individual contribution demonstrates active and thorough participation in prototyping procedures, problem solving

 

 

 

- actively participates in team efforts and assigned tasks

 

- uses procedures, equipment, and technology safely and correctly

 

- individual contribution demonstrates thoroughly researched and creative participation in prototyping procedures, problem solving

 

- highly effective participation in team efforts and assigned tasks

 

 

- demonstrates and promotes the safe and correct use of procedures, equipment, and technology

Note: A student whose achievement is below level 1 (50%) has not met the expectations for this assignment or activity.


Appendix 2.2.3

Critical Path (sample)

 

Student: ___________________________________________       Class: ______________________________

 

Allotted

Actual

Project Stage

Clock

Role and Contribution

0.5

0.5

Team briefing, initial design brainstorming, role review, team building

0.5

 

1.0

2.0

Set Critical Path, locate resources, develop engineering report templates (materials report and operating manual)

3.5

 

1.5

2.0

Specifications development, complete Engineering Guide

5.5

 

1.5

2.0

Materials and Components sourcing, Materials Report implemented

7.5

 

2.5

4.0

Project Design development and approval, fabrication list

11.5

 

6.0

6.0

Fabrication, Materials Report entries

17.5

 

1.0

2.0

Installation

19.5

 

1.0

2.0

Testing

21.5

 

0.5

1.0

Maintenance

22.5

 

1.0

1.0

Peak Performance testing, Operational Standards developed

23.5*

 

2.0

2.0

Applying Load

25.5*

 

1.0

1.0

Testing

26.5*

 

1.0

1.0

Maintenance

27.5*

 

1.0

1.0

Demonstration, Operational Standards finalized

28.5*

 

1.0

1.5

De-Commissioning or Re-fitting, Materials Report finalized

30.0*

 

* denotes additional time

Role Key:

Project Manager (PM)
Design Engineer (DE)
Materials Engineer (ME)

Production Engineer (PE)
Operating Engineer (OE)
Welder (WE)
Industrial Maintenance Mechanic (IMM)
Electrician (ELC)

Appendix 2.2.4

Engineering Principle Guide

 

Working Definitions

 

Source Voltage

P.E. (potential energy) for load (storage battery)

Ohms

unit of measure for identifying resistance of load/circuit (E=I/R)

Resistance

as found in conductors, under charged or damaged cells, loads

Amperage

quantity of current flow, found in generation and load

Voltage Regulation

method of creating efficient and sufficient current in a charging circuit

Operating R.P.M.

required turning speed for magnetic field current generation

Charging Voltage

operating charge required to contribute to overload storage

Surface Charge

an increased voltage, lower current initial charge caused by chemical behaviour in battery

Gear Reduction

output speed lesser than input

Multiplying Gearset

output speed greater than input

Mechanical Advantage

manipulation of power, speed or torque by mechanical means (gearsets, levers, etc.)

Battery Reserve

non-charging operating power in a battery

Motor Efficiency

temperature determined optimum for load

Belt Tension

required drag on a belt to maintain drive grip

Thermal Load

by-product generated by motor operation (inefficiency)


Appendix 2.2.5

Engineering Principle Guide:  Required Specifications and Components

 

Storage Battery(ies)

1.   Voltage Range:

2.   CCA (if applicable):

3.   AmpHour Rating:

4.   Recommended Charging Rate:

5.   Specific Gravity Indexed to Charge:

 

Inputting Device/Generating Device

1.   Input RPM/Output RPM:

2.   Minimum Charging RPM:

3.   Voltage Range:

4.   Maximum Output:

5.   Field Voltage (Regulator Range):

6.   Drive Belt Tension:

 

Switches and Meters

1.   Voltage Range:

2.   Amperage Range:

3.   Resistance:

4.   Polarity:

 

Load Motor

1.   Min. Voltage Required:

2.   Current Draw:

3.   Output RPM:

4.   Approximate Load Designed Rating:

5.   Approximate Gearing to Achieve Load Rating:

 

Safety and Maintenance Items

1.   Fire Extinguisher-Type/Application:

2.   Hand/Eye/Ear Protection:

3.   Moving Parts Guides:

4.   Ground Shields and Straps:

5.   Platform Markings and Grips:


Appendix 2.2.6

Engineering Principle Guide:  Materials Report Entry Guide (sample)

 

Material

Component

Manufacture/Process Applications/Engineering Strengths

Recycle/
End-use

Commercial Specs
(cost/unit format)

Exterior Grade Plywood

Base

Wood Resources Industry Product/
Cut-Shape-Bend-Fasten-Adhere

Inexpensive-Lightweight-Millable with Common Tools-Paintable/Strength Data Available

- due to glues used in manufacturing, end-use only in small quantities
- recyclable by chipping and reclaiming for other composites

- standard and Metric sizings over all dimensions
- graded by strength, water resistance and fire rating
- sample unit cost in project <$40 per 4' × 8' @ 1/4''

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Appendix 2.2.7

Engineering Principle Guide:  Data Recording Table

 

Time

Time
from Start

Generator Voltage

Load Amperage

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Appendix 2.2.8

Daily Task Log

 

Student: ______________________________________     Class: __________________________

Date

Role

Function

Hours

Teacher Signature

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Hours:

 

Student Signature:

 

Teacher Signature:

 

 

 

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