Course Profile   English in Daily Life ESL Level 2, open, Catholic

 

Unit 4:  Canadian Diversity

 

Activity 1 | Activity 2 | Activity 3 | Activity 4 | Activity 5 | Activity 6 | Activity 7

Time:  25 hours

Unit Developer(s)

Jamie Finan, Durham Catholic District School Board

Christina Maschas-Hammond, Peterborough, Victoria, Northumberland, Clarington Catholic School Board

Mary Adelle Patterson, Durham Catholic District School Board

Development Date:  May-August 1999

Unit Description

This unit of study explores Canada's physical, sociocultural, and economic diversity and the interrelationships this diversity generates. Throughout this unit, students develop a sense of appreciation for the beauty and richness of Canada's natural environment, the diversity of cultures and religions, the nature of the Canadian economy, and the structure of government. As they progress through this unit, students reflect upon their Christian and civic responsibility to society and the environment and consider the opportunities Canada has to offer. Students think globally and analyse the presence of Catholic values in the social fabric of the country.

Strand(s) and Expectations

Ontario Catholic Student Graduate Expectations:  1c; 3c, f; 4e; 5a, e, g; 7a, f, g, h, i, j.

Strand(s):  Oral and Visual Communication, Reading, Writing, Social and Cultural Competence

Overall Expectations:  BORV .03, .04, .06; BREV .01, .03, .05; BWRV .01, .02, .03; BSCV .01, .02.

Specific Expectations:  BOR 1.01, .02, .03, .05, .06, .08; 2.01, .02, .03, .04, 3.03, 4.01; BRE 1.01, .02, .03, 2.01, .02, .03, 3.01, .02, .03, .04, .05, 4.01, .02; BWR 1.01, .02, 2.01, .02 .03, .04; 3.01, .02, .03, .04, .05, .06; BSC 1.01, .02, .04, .05, 2.01, .02, .03, .04.

Activity Titles (Time + Sequence)

Activity 1

Yours to Discover

150 minutes

Activity 2

Interactions: People and their Environment

225 minutes

Activity 3

Canada: Viewing Our Economy

150 minutes

Activity 4

Economics and the Government of Canada

225 minutes

Activity 5

Canada: Viewing our Cultural Diversity

225 minutes

Activity 6

Examining Canada=s Rights and Freedoms

150 minutes

Activity 7

Tour of Canada

375 minutes

Unit Planning Notes

Teachers review, in advance of teaching this unit, a number of films, videos, and computer reference programs about Canada and its physical, social, and economic characteristics, to pre-select those which would best suit the needs of the ESLBO class. If Internet access is available, teachers familiarize themselves with a number of sites that offer information about the land, the people, and the economy of Canada, to direct students in their various forms of research. Teachers refer to Individual Education Plans and modify unit activities and expectations to accommodate the students’ needs. Teachers may prepare graphic organizers to support Teaching/Learning Strategies in this unit or browse the Durham Catholic District School Board web site for teacher-prepared graphic organizers. (www.durhamrc.edu.on.ca)

Prior Knowledge Required

Achievement of expectations at the ESLAO level is required.  Specific knowledge and skills in the following areas are needed for this unit: use of the dictionary, basic mapping and map reading, knowledge of Canadian place names, simple sentence and paragraph structures, identification of main ideas from research materials, and familiarity with gospel values. (See ESLCO Appendix A) Basic computer keyboarding and Internet search skills are required for those students who have the opportunity to apply them. Some understanding of current environmental, economic, and social issues may enrich students' participation in this unit of study.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

Teaching/learning strategies used within this unit of study include: brainstorming and word webbing; simple observation and oral response; map and atlas reading; note-taking; personal journal writing; participation in group presentations; creating an organizer to present information; extracting information from media sources; problem-solving; letter-writing; interpretation of graphic and statistical data; classroom discussion and use of available computer technology.

Assessment/Evaluation

·         informal assessment observation of students' in-class participation and co-operation

·         summative assessment research assignments, poetry writing,

·         peer- and teacher- evaluation of oral presentations

·         pencil and paper unit/activity test(s) on content and vocabulary

·         homework check

·         formative checklist assessments of mapping skills, collage presentation, and journal writing

Resources

Computer Reference Programs

Adventure Canada.  Virtual Reality Systems, Inc., 1996.

Wide World of Animals. Creative Wonders Multimedia Corporation, 1995.

Print

Brunetti, Jean-Claude.  Treasures of the Bible.  Quebec: Diffusion Prologue, 1997.

Cameron, Judy and Tracey Derwing. Being Canadian. Toronto: Prentice Hall Ginn, 1998.

Cartwright, Fraser, Gary Birchall. Contact Canada. Toronto:  Oxford University Press, 1996.

Derry, William and Charles Nash. Geocanada.  Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd., 1990.

Lubman, Daniel. Canadian Dictionary or English Learners. Don Mills: Addison-Wesley, 1987.

Massey, Don and Patricia Shields. Canada: Its Land and People.  Edmonton: Reidmore Books Inc.1995.

Zuern, Geunther. Ontario Reader, 1999.  Toronto: Maracle Press. 1999.

Internet

Various sites on Canada's physical environment, people, government, and economy (listed in activities).

 

Activity 1:  Yours to Discover

 

Time:  150 minutes

Description

Canada is a nation of great physical beauty and contrast. This activity explores the diversity of physical landforms, vegetation, wildlife, and climate across our nation and how they interact with each other. The specific language skills that are emphasized in this activity centre on point form note-taking, sentence construction using comparatives, extracting information from visual and media sources, organizing and categorizing information into a graphic organizer, and the appropriate use of adjectives.

Strand(s) and Expectations

Ontario Catholic Student Graduate Expectations:  5a.

Strand(s):  Oral and Visual Communication, Writing, Social and Cultural Competence

Overall Expectations:  BORV .03, .04, .06; BWRV .01; BSCV .02.

Specific Expectations:  BOR 1.01, .03, .06v; 2.01, .02v; 4.01v; BWR 1.01v; 2.01; BSC 1.02.

Planning Notes

·         Teachers are encouraged to create a classroom library of pictures, magazines, travel brochures, videos, atlases, texts, and computer resources to assist students to visualize the diversity of Canada's natural environment.

·         Teachers introduce students to specific geographic language they will encounter throughout the activity (e.g., landscape, landforms, natural, human-made, vegetation, wildlife, endangered, etc.).

·         A wall map of Canada and a world globe are required.

Prior Knowledge Required

·         Achievement of expectations at the ESLAO level is required.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.       Present students with The Great Canadian Trivia Challenge (Appendix 4.1) This is an on-going activity in which students are to seek out specific information about Canada using any/all resources made available to them.  The challenge is to see who can independently locate the information in answer to all the questions by the end of this unit of study.

2.       Open discussion by asking students to think about any three adjectives that they would use to describe the Canadian environment.

3.       Create a blackboard/overhead word web, recording the adjectives the class generates, with the word Canada at the centre.

4.       Ask students to consider if these same adjectives could be used to describe their home country.

5.       Encourage students to give oral responses using comparatives such as smaller than, hotter than, when comparing the two countries.

6.       To introduce the concept of physical diversity, present to students a series of colour photographs, with no place name identification, that illustrate varying types of landscapes and climates (e.g., ice fields, rainforests, mountains, flat lands, rocky islands, lakes and rivers, etc.) Challenge the class to determine which are photos of places in Canada and which are not.

*Note: Old calendars provide an inexpensive and abundant source of landscape photos for activities of this nature.

7.       Once students comprehend that all landscapes depicted in the photographs are Canadian, guide students to illustrate the approximate locations of each on a wall map of Canada.

8.       Ask students to explain why Canada has such diverse physical characteristics. Direct discussion to the two main factors: Canada's size and location.

9.       Using the wall map of Canada and a world globe as references, students discuss and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of Canada's size and global location. For example:

·         advantage: Canadians get to experience all four seasons (location).

·         disadvantage: Travel in Canada can be costly and time-consuming (size).

10.   Students complete a point-form chart or note summarizing the advantages and disadvantages as agreed upon by the class.

11.   Returning to the landscape photos, students are divided into small groups and given a photo to examine more closely. Students extract as much information about that part of the country as they can from the photo (e.g., What is the weather like? What season is it? What landforms are shown? Is there any sign of human activity? If so, what? What does the natural vegetation look like? Do you see any wildlife? Could people live here? Why or why not?  References such as Geocanada and Adventure Canada may be used by students to supplement this activity.

12.   Each group of students is directed to document their observations for their specific location on a student-generated organizer to be presented and shared with the rest of the class.

13.   This may be an appropriate time to show students a video or film that offers them a more comprehensive view of Canada's diverse landscapes, wildlife, and climate (e.g., On Top of the World: Canada). As the video tours Canada, students may list some of the more spectacular natural sites shown.

14.   After viewing the video/film, students are encouraged to informally share any first-hand knowledge they may have about any of the Canadian sites shown in the video/film.

Assessment/Evaluation

·         Teacher observation and informal assessment of students participation and co-operation in class discussion and group activity.

·         Peer-evaluation of group presentation - Appendix 4.2 - Oral Presentation - Teacher/Peer Checklist Assessment.

Resources

Adventure Canada. Virtual Reality Systems, Inc., 1996.

Assorted visuals showing landscapes of Canada (e.g., calendar photographs)

Derry, William and Charles Nash. Geocanada.  Toronto: McGraw Hill Ryerson Ltd., 1990.

On Top of the World: Canada. Lifestyle Home Video, 1992.

Wall map of Canada and world globe.

Accommodations

·         Provide a vocabulary list defining geographic terms used throughout the activity.

·         Present teacher-generated organizer for the photo observation activity.

·         Present video in short sections rather than in its entirety.

Appendices

Appendix 4.1 - The Great Canadian Trivia Challenge

Appendix 4.2 - Oral Presentation-Teacher/Peer Checklist Assessment

 

Activity 2:  Interactions: People and their Environment

 

Time:  225 minutes

Description

Geography has an enormous influence upon how people live. This activity challenges students to examine how the environment impacts upon their lives and how they, in turn, impact upon the environment. Throughout this activity students develop skills in organizing information into a graphic organizer, expressing opinions from personal experience, using grammatically correct sentence structure in written notes, extracting information from written, graphic, and statistical data presented in pamphlets and personal journal writing. Using the creation story in the Book of Genesis, students develop a sense of appreciation and responsibility for the gift of God's creation.

Strand(s) and Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations:  1c, 3c, f, 7h, i.

Strand(s):  Reading, Writing, Social and Cultural Competence

Overall Expectations:  BREV.01, 05; BWRV.01, .02; BSCV.02.

Specific Expectations:  BRE2.02, 3.01; BWR1.01v, 2.01; BSC1.05v, 2.02, .04v.

Planning Notes

Teachers may wish to:

·         gather pamphlets/booklets from municipalities that give information about local recycling initiatives;

·         track current newspaper articles that address issues such as energy conservation, environmental protection, recycling programs, etc., to have available for the students' use;

·         If a recycling plant is nearby, organize a field trip to the facility;

·         seek out varying interpretations of the creation story.(e.g., Treasures of the Bible).

Prior Knowledge Required

·         achievement of expectations at the ESLAO level

·         basic understanding of the concept of recycling

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.       Students are reminded to continue their search for answers to The Great Canadian Trivia Challenge.

2.       To open discussion about the impact the natural environment has on our lives, ask students to look around the classroom and indicate items they see or use that initially come from the land.

3.       Direct students to start with the paper on which they are presently writing.

4.       Students define the term resource, distinguishing between renewable and non-renewable resources and listing examples of each in a chart or Venn diagram.

5.       For homework, assign students to search through all rooms of their home and list the items they, and other members of their family use in a typical day, that are provided by or produced from the natural environment. Students document their findings in a chart with three columns: Product/Item, Source/Resource and Renewable/Non-renewable.

The goal of this activity is to make students aware of the vast array of natural resources Canada has to offer to its people.

6.       Teachers tap students' personal knowledge of how environment affects lifestyle by opening discussion about how their lives have changed since moving to Canada.

7.       To organize students' thoughts and opinions about how environment affects lifestyle, students may develop a graphic organizer of their own to illustrate the effect environment has on human activity. (Students may give examples, using any geographical reference, to support the concept that environment affects lifestyle, e.g., Clothing - most Canadians require both winter and summer clothing; Housing - homes in the Caribbean Islands do not require heating systems. Other sub-topics to consider include: transportation, economic activity, food, recreation)

8.       Students read through the creation story (Genesis 1: 1-31, 2: 1-4) and list, in sequence, what God created on each of the seven days.

9.       Students use this same reading to reflect upon the following questions and write a journal entry:

·         What role did God present to humankind at the end of the creation? (Genesis 1: 26)

·         Have the people of this planet carried out God's wishes? Explain your response.

·         What role do you see yourself playing in guarding and protecting our natural environment?

10.   Students discuss how humans have affected the natural environment. The challenge for the teacher is to have students arrive at both positive and negative interactions. This may be documented in a Positive and Negative Interactions chart.

11.   Discuss with students the 3R's (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) to clarify the meaning and consider how it relates to our God-given role of protectors of the natural environment.

12.   Teachers and students research and discuss how the Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle initiative is promoted at the national, community, school, and household levels. This may involve researching information pamphlets from community recycling facilities, conducting an Internet search on national and local recycling programs, interviewing staff and students in charge of the recycling program at the school, or conducting a survey of one’s family members about their knowledge and involvement in the 3R’s.

13.   Students submit a written summary, graphic presentation, statistical analysis, poster, or collage to present their findings for any one of the above mentioned initiatives.

14.   This activity may be concluded with a brainstorming session or a short dramatization whereby the class works co-operatively to consider the ways and means that each person can help protect and preserve the environment in which they live.

Assessment/Evaluation

·         informal assessment of student participation in class activities and discussion

·         personal journal writing Checklist - Appendix 6.3.

·         homework checks

·         summative assessment of content and creativity in students’ 3R’s summary, analysis, poster, or collage

Resources

Environment Canada - The Green Lane www.ec.gc.ca/search_e.html

Recycle City www.epa/gov/recyclecity/mainmap.htm

Pamphlets and newspaper articles on local recycling programs

Wansbough, Henry, ed. The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1990.

Accommodations

·         Provide students with a list of Canada's renewable/non-renewable resources to categorize

·         Seek out creation stories in children’s bibles to make the story more understandable (e.g., Treasures of the Bible)

·         Students may create a collage showing images of how environment affects human activity rather than submitting a student-generated organizer, (e.g., types of clothing for different environments)

 

Activity 3:  Canada: Viewing Our Economy

 

Time:  150 minutes

Description

In this activity students use oral, visual, and written language to develop their knowledge of the economic picture of Canada. Students then apply this knowledge as they grow to become citizens of a just and compassionate society. As students have had some exposure to the physical diversity of Canada through previous activities, this activity builds upon these skills and links them to the economic composition of Canada. The vocabulary related to economic diversity is the focus of this activity. The language structures developed in this activity are the use of synonyms, homonyms, and antonyms to clarify meaning and add detail to student writing and point-form note-taking.

Strand(s) and Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations:  3f; 7g.

Strand(s):  Oral and Visual Communication, Reading, Writing 

Overall Expectations:  BORV.03; BWRV.03; BREV.03; BSCV.02.

Specific Expectations:  BOR2.01, .02; BWR2.01v, 3.03, .04v, .05; BRE3.01, 4.01v; BSC1.02v.

Planning Notes

·         Gather visual supports that assist students in grasping the vocabulary related to the economic diversity of Canada.

·         A large wall map of the physical make-up of Canada is essential and a world globe would be beneficial.

·         Collect a variety of newspapers, especially the classified and the business sections, as resources for developing research and inquiry skills.

·         Arrange for students to use the Internet for these activities, and, if necessary, arrange for peer tutors to support and assist with Internet use.

·         Prepare symbols that represent the various economic categories of Canada, (e.g., fish for fishing, tree for forestry, the golden arches for service industry, computer for business, etc.) Contact some of the government offices such as the Ministry of Tourism or the Ministry of Natural Resources and get actual symbols which are used on signs across the province. 

·         Prepare graphic organizers to support Teaching/Learning Strategies in this unit or browse the Durham Catholic District School Board web site for prepared graphic organizers, such as:

Dollar Sense: This graphic organizer visually presents a list of jobs linked to an economic category which is then linked to locations that these jobs are required.

Prior Knowledge Required

·         achievement of the expectations at the ESLAO level

·         some familiarity with using the atlas

·         some familiarity with the physical regions of Canada

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.       Students are reminded to continue their search for answers to The Great Canadian Trivia Challenge, as they proceed with the next activities.

2.       To begin this activity, brainstorm with students to determine their knowledge of the economic make up of Canada. Teachers ask students "What do people in Canada do to earn money (a living)?” Record responses on the board or chart paper. Students reflect upon personal knowledge and work experience. Students are provided with resources that provide further information on the economic make up of Canada, (e.g., the newspaper, the Internet career search, visual aids that portray individuals in various lines of work, etc.). Elicit as much information from the students as possible as they develop inquiry and research skills with the teacher’s support and direction. Teacher assists students with information where necessary.

3.       Present the main categories of the economic structure of Canada to the students. These economic structures are the vocabulary focus for this activity. Students complete vocabulary exercises to reinforce meaning, (e.g., match the meaning to the definition, a crossword puzzle created on the computer, synonym/antonym match) and understanding of the terms. The major areas that drive the economy of Canada, which should be the focus of this activity, are agriculture, manufacturing, natural resources, service industry, business, public administration, and construction.

4.       Using the list of jobs and occupations developed from the previous brainstorm activity, assist students in matching the specific jobs they listed to the economic category (e.g., food server at McDonald's - service industry, doctor - public administration, fishing - natural resources, real estate salesperson - business, etc.) Students complete this activity as a teacher-directed, co-operative exercise matching all the jobs to an economic category. If the students have not found examples of jobs linked to any of the economic categories, teachers may provide examples so that the chart can be completed. After completing the large group activity, students can then complete a graphic organizer, Dollar Sense, independently or in small groups.

5.       Direct students to choose one of the jobs from the previous activity and write a description of that job, using new vocabulary.

6.       Students have studied the physical regions of Canada in previous activities. To begin this part of the activity, review the map of Canada as students identify each province and indicate its location on the large wall map. Provide outline maps of Canada. Each student completes this map labelling the provinces and territories.

7.       Lead a discussion about the physical and land characteristics necessary for each of the economic categories (e.g., fishing takes place where there is water; agriculture takes place where there is suitable land, space and climate to grow crops; restaurants and hotels are established in cities and towns where people are, etc.) Using the board or chart paper teacher co-operatively compiles a chart that links each economic category to the necessary characteristics and components, which determine its location in Canada.

8.       The various symbols for each of the economic categories are displayed on the board. Students match a symbol to each economic category, (e.g., stock of corn to represent farm industry, bed to represent tourist service industry, knife and fork to represent food service industry, computer to represent business industry, etc.).

9.       On the large wall map of Canada, link the economic symbol to the area of Canada which supports the economic category. Students place the symbols on the wall map in the areas where that form of economic enterprise takes place. The economic diversity of Canada visually appears on the map by the placing of the selected symbols. Students transfer this information onto the outline map of Canada that they have completed. Review the legend on a map, which was studied in ESLAO. Students complete their map incorporating the symbols for each economic category into the legend.

10.   To further link the concept of economy to the physical regions of Canada, students complete a cause/effect activity. This activity can be set up as a chart, listing the economic categories studied, with three specific examples of industry within each category. The students must list necessary components for this form of industry to succeed in an area. Students should work in pairs or small groups to complete the activity. Encourage discussion among groups, with students asking each other questions. Complete the activity with large group sharing.

Assessment/Evaluation

·         mapping Skills Assessment Checklist used to assess maps completed (Appendix 4.3)

·         teacher observation of written work completed in this activity to monitor student progress

·         anecdotal assessment of written work, to improve spelling, punctuation and vocabulary usage

·         pencil and paper test-summative assessment, testing student knowledge of economic regions of Canada

Resources

Barry, J. Language To Go. Toronto: Nelson Canada, 1995.

Cameron, J. and T. Derwing. Being Canadian, Language for Citizenship. Toronto: Prentice Hall Regents Canada, 1996. 

Fowler, H.W. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

Martin, D. Communicating Skills. Toronto: Nelson, 1998.

O'Malley, J.M. and L. Pierce. Authentic Assessment for English Language Learners. Toronto: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1996

Shapiro, N. and J. Adelson-Goldstein. The Oxford Picture Dictionary-Canadian Edition. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1999

Walter, T. Amazing English. Toronto: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1996.

Accommodations

·         Pair students experiencing difficulty with linguistically stronger students for co-operative activities.

·         Model writing activities for students experiencing difficulty.

·         Peer tutors may be of assistance with computer activities.

Appendices

Appendix 4.3 - Mapping Skills Assessment Checklist

 

Activity 4:  Economics and The Government of Canada

 

Time:  225 minutes

Description

In this activity, students become aware of the fundamentals of the system of currency in Canada, which builds the taxation system in our country. The study of the tax system is linked to the further study of the government of Canada. Students acquire the knowledge and understanding of the governing model of Canada. This leads to the growth of responsible citizens who value and respect the rights and responsibilities of all in this country. The continued use of oral, written, and visual language is developed through a variety of activities. The language foci of this activity include using commas in a series and with dates and addresses and quotation marks for direct speech.

Strand(s) and Expectations

Ontario Catholic Graduate Expectations:  5e; 7h.

Strand(s):  Oral and Visual Communication, Reading, Writing, Social and Cultural Competence

Overall Expectations:  BORV.03; BREV.03; BWRV.03; BSCV.02.

Specific Expectations:  BOR1.05v, 2.01v; BRE3.01, 4.01v; BWR3.03, 3.04v, 3.05v; BSC1.01v.

Planning Notes

·         Contact local MP and MPP offices to obtain any support resources available, (e.g., information on political parties, brochures on federal and provincial governments, information on parliamentary procedures, national and provincial capitals, etc.).

·         Contact Elections Canada for a voter’s kit in preparation for mock election.

·         Contact Citizenship and Immigration for publications available.

·         Browse the National Film Board catalogue and order current, appropriate films/videos on the Government of Canada.

·         Arrange for students to have Internet access and if necessary arrange for peer tutors to assist with Internet use.

·         It would be very beneficial to have facsimiles of Canadian currency that are realistic in appearance, which can be purchased through an educational supplier.

·         Gather a collection of items that the students can purchase in the role-play situation.

·         Provide calculators for the role play.

·         Pre-arrange with school and community personnel to be available for interviews by the students on provincial government matters.

·         Paraphrase scripture readings as needed and provide a written copy for students to follow.

·         Prepare graphic organizers to support the teaching learning strategies in this unit or

·         Browse the Durham Catholic District School Board web site for prepared graphic organizers such as: Our Government: This graphic organizer provides the framework for collecting data on Provincial Government.

Prior Knowledge Required

·         achievement of expectations at the ESLAO level is required

·         some familiarity with Canadian money

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.       Remind students to continue their search for answers to The Great Canadian Trivia Challenge, as they proceed with the next activities.

2.       Begin this activity with a role play situation. Simulate a shopping excursion with the students.  Depending on the composition of the class, have a collection of items available for the students to purchase, (e.g., a book, a pencil, a food item, a CD, etc.) Several students role play a shopping scenario where one student is the purchaser, another student is the vendor and another student is the parent giving the child money and instructions for purchasing items. Depending on the size of the class and the comfort level of the students this role play can be carried out several times, with different shopping requests set up each time. Students develop and practise the conversation necessary for purchasing items by asking questions and initiating friendly conversation during the shopping excursion.

3.       Introduce the tax component of purchasing items. (provincial sales tax at 8% and goods and service tax at 7%). Demonstrate several examples of these taxes added to items. Through questioning,  determine the level of understanding students have of this concept. When students grasp the concept of purchase taxes, provide time for the students to role play purchasing, in small groups. The students’ oral language is enhanced through this activity.

4.       After students are comfortable with the shopping activity and the idea of purchase tax, they write a dialogue that could take place at a store as a shopper is purchasing and paying for merchandise. Students must be taught the proper use of quotation marks as used in direct conversation. Teachers reinforce their use with exercises from selected grammar resources (e.g., Communicating Skills, A Language Arts Program, pp. 98-99)

5.       Build the concept of taxes as a means of generating income for the government of the country. Read a scripture passage that refers to the tax collector (i.e., Luke 18:9-14 or Matthew 18: 15-17). Develop the idea that taxation has been a common practice since biblical times as evident in the scripture passage shared. Discuss with the large group, and list on the board, reasons why the government needs money, what the government does with the money, and forms of taxes that Canadians pay to provide this income to the government. Students copy this information into a notebook as a point-form note. Students complete a true-and-false activity with factual questions about currency and taxes. These questions reflect the students’ comprehension of this concept.

6.       Begin the next part of this activity with a film or video. The National Film Board of Canada has many titles that are appropriate and listed on web site www.nfb.ca (e.g., The Government of Canada -An Inside Story). After viewing the film, discuss the three levels of government: federal, provincial, and municipal. Students share information they attained from the film regarding the responsibilities of each level. Students build oral presentation skills as they discuss the content and meaning of the film/video.

7.       Provide the students with a prepared note on the Parliament of Canada, incorporating information on the three parts of parliament – The Queen, The House of Commons, and The Senate – and the responsibilities of each. Include information on the process by which each part of parliament acquires its position. A good resource to use in developing this note is the booklet prepared by Citizenship and Immigration Canada - A Look At Canada, p. 22-23. Read the note with students several times and question for understanding. Short questions are presented to students extracting information from the note which are answered in notebooks.

8.       Each student develops a set of questions they would like to ask the Member of Parliament representing his/her electoral area. These questions may be guided and developed through a large class discussion on the role of the federal government, the success of the federal government, and the challenges faced by the federal government.

9.       Instruct students in the proper format for writing a letter. Working in small groups, students write letters to their MP’s, which include their questions. Send the letters to the MP’s with a cover letter explaining the activity and requesting a response to each group of students.  

10.   Students use the comma in the address and the dates on the letters composed. Teachers reinforce with exercises from selected grammar resources, (e.g., Communicating Skills, A Language Arts Program pp. 43, 44).

11.   Students are presented with the composition of the provincial system of government. Develop a point-form note with the students including the required information. Read the note with the students and question for clarity and understanding.

12.   Using local newspapers; any publications, brochures, pamphlets, or flyers available from the local MPP’s office; the blue pages of the telephone book; or interviews with selected persons, (e.g., history teacher, the school secretary, the principal, etc.) students investigate the provincial government. Students determine the leaders of the three parties, the leadership party, the opposition party, ministers responsible for portfolios such as education, finance, transportation, environment, etc. Students use the graphic organizer, Our Government, to gather the required information.

13.   In small groups, students develop a visual-display chart presenting the provincial government. Display these around the room to reinforce the information on the provincial government.

14.   Present the structure of the municipal government to the students. The students are familiar with the overall government because of the previous activities completed. Introduce the vocabulary particular to municipal government. Using a local cable channel telecast, view a session of a local town council meeting. Students compile a list of good news items and problems that the council dealt with during the meeting. Lead a discussion about good news items from the school and problems the students are aware of at the school. In small groups, students write letters to the student council beginning positively with good news items and then presenting some of the areas of concern they feel need to be addressed. Review the format used in writing letters and reinforce the use of commas in the date and address.

15.   Present an overview of the election process. Elections Canada provides a complete election kit. This maybe used to carry out a mock election with voting procedures clearly outlined if time permits.

Assessment/Evaluation

·         teacher observation of written work completed in this activity, to monitor student progress

·         anecdotal assessment of written work, to improve spelling, punctuation and vocabulary usage

·         pencil and paper tests - summative assessment, testing students’ knowledge of the Government of Canada

·         peer evaluation and teacher evaluation of in-class presentation of visual display of the Provincial Government

·         homework checks

Resources

Acosta, J. Canada Coast To Coast. Toronto: Nelson Canada, 1995.

Barry, J. Language To Go. Toronto: Nelson Canada, 1995.

Berish, L. and S. Thibaudeau. Canadian Concepts 3. Toronto: Prentice Hall Allen and Bacon, 1997.

Burley, T. Government Matters. Toronto: Prentice Hall Ginn, 1997.

Cameron, J. and T. Derwing. Being Canadian, Language for Citizenship. Toronto: Prentice Hall Regents Canada, 1996.

Canadian Bible Society. Good News Bible, Today's English Version. Toronto: 1992.

Fowler, H.W. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

Granfield, L. Canada Votes, How We Elect Our Government. Toronto: Kids Can Press, 1997.

Martin, D. Communicating Skills. Toronto: Nelson, 1998.

Shapiro, N. and J. Adelson-Goldstein. The Oxford Picture Dictionary-Canadian Edition. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Kits

National Archives of Canada, Communication and Public Programs Division, Ottawa,

Fax: (613) 995-0919.

Library of Parliament, Ottawa. Fax: (613) 992-1273

Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Public Affairs, Ottawa, Fax: (613) 954-2221

Elections Canada, Ottawa, 1-800-463-6868

Accommodations

·         Pair students experiencing difficulty with linguistically stronger students for co-operative activities.

·         Model writing activities for students experiencing difficulty.

 

Activity 5:  Canada: Viewing Our Cultural Diversity

 

Time:  225 minutes

Description

In this section of the unit, ESL students learn that Canadians today reflect a vast diversity of cultural heritages and racial groups. Students have the opportunity to explore the richness of Canada and its people. Students discuss the issue of Christian responsibility towards one’s neighbour. The language foci for this activity centre on vocabulary acquisition, the usage of capitals for proper nouns, and composition of a short paragraph containing simple and compound sentences.

Strand(s) and Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations:  3f, 7a, f, g, h, j.

Strand(s):  Oral and Visual Communication, Reading, Writing, Social and Cultural

Overall Expectations:  BORV.04; BREV.01; BWRV.01, .03; BSCV.01, .02.

Specific Expectations:  BOR1.02, .03v; 2.01, .03v, .04v; BRE1.02v; 2.03; 3.01, .02v; .03v; BWR1.01v, .02v; 2.01; 3.01v, .02v, .03v, .06; BSC1.04v.

Planning Notes

·         Prepare a cloze activity to determine acquisition of related vocabulary such as: multi-culturalism, diversity, and cultural mosaic.

·         Obtain a copy of the Canadian Multiculturalism Act through the web site at Canadian Multiculturalism Act: http://www.interlog.com/~ vcc/CopyOfMCdA.html or by calling Citizen and Immigration Canada at 1-888-241-9439.

·         Collect a variety of cinquain/diamante poetry to present to students.

·         With student assistance, organize a heritage fair. Set a date for the heritage fair and create a schedule for students’ oral presentations of approximately five minutes in length.

Prior Knowledge Required

·         achievement of expectations at the ESLAO level

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.       Students are reminded to continue their search for answers to The Great Canadian Trivia Challenge as they proceed with the next activities.

2.       As an introduction to this activity, lead students towards the concept of cultural mosaic by initiating a discussion about the uniqueness of Canada’s culture. Begin the discussion by asking:

·         What makes Canadian culture unique?

·         Why are all cultures encouraged to maintain their traditions in Canada?

·         Why do people choose Canada as their home?

3.       Continue the discussion by asking students to describe Canadian people. Record students’ responses and create a bank of adjectives. 

4.       Present students with examples of cinquain/diamante poetry. Model the procedure for writing cinquain/diamante by using the vocabulary recorded from the chart. Students copy the poem into their notes to be used as a model for the next task.

5.       To continue the discussion, invite students to share their feelings upon their arrival in Canada. Record student responses and create another list of adjectives. Exercise caution and sensitivity when discussing this issue.

6.      Students compose and illustrate their own cinquain/diamante poem using the new vocabulary. Encourage students to peer-edit their work prior to submitting the final draft. These illustrated poems may be displayed and then collected to create an anthology.

7.       Heritage Fair Preparation - Inform students of the upcoming Heritage Fair and give specific details about it, including the date.  Students are to bring in items that describe their culture. Each student chooses four items and gives a five-minute presentation explaining the importance of these items. These items are unique to the students’ past or origin and could include:

·         household articles;

·         traditional costumes;

·         music;

·         pictures of their country;

·         family pictures;

·         heirloom;

·         family recipe (student may bring in a sample of the recipe).

8.       To continue exploring Canada’s diversity, lead students in a discussion emphasizing that many different cultures and ethnic groups live and work together in harmony and respect. Canada’s diversity is encouraged by the Canadian Multiculturalism Act. This law states that all Canadians are free to promote and share their multicultural heritage. Explain the key points of this Act. Encourage students to ask for clarification, if necessary.

9.       Following the discussion, students complete a journal entry addressing the following questions:

·         What does the Multicultural Act mean to you?

·         Do you agree with this Act?

·         If this Act were not in effect, what do you think might be the ramifications?

10.   Respond to each student’s journal in written dialogue form.

11.   To emphasize the importance of accepting all people, celebrating our differences, and caring for others, read and discuss Acts 10:9-30. This passage refers to Peter and the first Christians having difficulties as the first Jewish-Christian community expanded. Having been practising Jews, they found it difficult to accept those who did not follow ancient Jewish customs and laws. Peter was challenged to accept food that Jewish people had traditionally thought of as unclean. Another passage to read and discuss is John 13: 34-35. This passage reinforces that we as Christians must love one another. Encourage students to share their religious traditions and customs with the class, thus noting the diversity within the group as well as within the different religions.

12.   Students create a collage that depicts the message of acceptance and respect for all of God’s people.  Students then share their collages with the class and display them in the classroom.

13.   Heritage Fair - To conclude this portion of the unit, students celebrate their heritage by participating in a Heritage Fair. Invite parents/guardians/family members and other classes to partake in the event.

14.   Peers and teacher evaluate presentations. (Appendix 4.2)

Assessment/Evaluation

·         informal assessment of student participation in class activities and discussion

·         summative assessment of poetry writing (Appendix A of ESLBO Phase 1 - Rubric for Assessing Writing)

·         personal journal writing checklist (Appendix 6.3 - Formative Assessment Checklist - Personal Journal Writing)

·         formative assessment of a Collage (Appendix 1.1 from ESLCO - Rubric for Assessing a Collage)

·         teacher and peer evaluation of presentations (Appendix 4.2 Oral Presentation - Teacher/Peer Checklist Assessment)

Resources

Print

Cameron, Judy, and Tracey Derwing, Being Canadian: Language for Citizenship, Toronto: Prentice Hall Ginn, 1998.

Fowler, H.W., ed. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

Martin, Dave, Communicating Skills, Scarborough: Nelson, 1998.

Parnwell, E.C. The Canadian Oxford Picture Dictionary, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Wansbrough, Henry, ed. The New Jerusalem Bible, New York: Double Day, 1990.

Internet

http://www.pch.gc.ca Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

http://www.interlog.com/~vcc/CopyOfMCA.html Canadian Multiculturalism Act

http://cicnet.ci.gc.ca Citizen and Immigration Canada

http:/www.pch.gc.ca/multi/html/framework.html Multiculturalism: Respect, Equality, Diversity

Accommodations

·         Present the key components of the Canadian Multiculturalism Act in simple written form.

·         Limit the number of items that students present during the Heritage Fair.

·         Paraphrase scripture and provide students with a copy.

Appendices

Appendix A of ESLBO Phase 1 - Rubric for Assessing Writing

Appendix 6.3 - Formative Assessment Checklist - Personal Journal Writing

Appendix 1.1 of ESLCO - Rubric for Assessing a Collage

Appendix 4.2 - Oral Presentation - Teacher/Peer Checklist Assessment

 

Activity 6:  Examining Canada’s Rights and Freedoms

 

Time:  150 minutes

Description

In this section of the unit, students examine the rights and responsibilities of Canadian citizens. Through discussion, students explore these rights and come to a better understanding of the responsibilities that are attributed to these rights. Students are given the opportunity to celebrate their heritage and enhance their understanding, knowledge, and appreciation of what makes Canada unique in the world. The language foci for this activity emphasize acquiring new vocabulary, composing a short paragraph, and using short sentences to recount events and give opinions.

Strand(s) and Expectations

Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations:  3f, 7a, f, g, h, j.

Strand(s):  Oral and Visual Communication, Reading, Writing, Social and Cultural Competence

Overall Expectations:  BORV.04; BREV.01; BWRV.01; BSCV.01, .02.

Specific Expectations:  BOR1.02, .03v, .06v, .08v, 2.01, .03v; BRE1.02v; 2.03v, 3.02v, .03v; BWR1.01v, .02v; 2.01; 3.01v, .02v .03v, .06; BSC2.03v.

Planning Notes

·         Possibly organize a trip for students to witness a Citizenship Ceremony.

·         Possibly invite speakers on human rights to present their views on freedom of expression.

·         Possibly involve students directly in human rights issues by encouraging them to volunteer their free time at a human rights association such as Amnesty International or through Big Brothers/Big Sisters organizations. Students may also organize a food drive to assist people in their community.

·         Prepare a multiple-choice pencil and paper test on information regarding the Multiculturalism Act, Canada's Charter of Rights and Citizenship.

Prior Knowledge Required

·         achievement of the expectations at the ESLAO level.

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.       Remind students to continue their search for answers to The Great Canadian Trivia Challenge as they proceed with the next activities.

2.       Lead students in a discussion to consider what freedoms and rights should be stated as law to make an ideal country.  Students’ responses are recorded on chart paper, entitled My Ideal Country, for future reference.

3.       Present a simplified version of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Canadian Charter of Rights: http://www.pch.gc.ca).

4.       Encourage students to ask for clarification, if necessary. Introduce new vocabulary and support it with activities such as: word searches, crossword puzzles, word cloze activities, and/or matching words with meaning.

5.       In a class discussion, students compare their responses from the chart entitled My Ideal Country to Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Teachers may also choose to discuss the rights and freedoms of the students' countries of origin.  Depending on the composition of the class, exercise caution and sensitivity when discussing this issue.  A blackboard summary of students' observations and responses may be recorded at this time, noting similarities and differences.

6.       Students compose a short paragraph in their journals expressing what they believe would make an ideal country. Respond to each student's journal in written dialogue form.

7.       To further investigate the rights and freedoms of Canadian citizens, present situations in which students must use these rights and freedoms to come to a resolution. The following are some examples of situations in which students develop a set of justifications for one alternative:

·         a student witnesses a peer smoking in a prohibited area

·         a student witnesses someone shoplifting

·         a student witnesses other individuals harassing a fellow student 

·         a peer has borrowed his/her parent's vehicle, without permission, and does not possess a driver's  license.

·         a student witnesses someone being dishonest while writing an exam

8.       Assign one situation to a small group of students. Students discuss the situation and then role play a possible solution in front of the class for further discussion. 

9.       Students, using their knowledge of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, work in small groups to write their own Charter of Rights for the class or school. Each group shares and discusses with the class what rights they believe might be included in this Charter of Rights. Record students' responses and, as a class, decide which rights and freedoms are to be included in this charter. Display this charter in the classroom.

10.   To continue the study of the Canadian Charter of Rights, students focus on the responsibilities that come with these rights. In pairs, students illustrate an example of the responsibilities that coincide with these rights (e.g., understands and obeys the Canadian laws - obeying traffic lights). Students share their work with the class. This work may also be displayed on a bulletin board.

11.   Students can then discuss ways in which they can personally contribute to our society. In small groups, students create a list of actions they can take to improve our society under the following headings:

·         Home

·         Church

·         Community

·         School

12.   Each group shares their lists with the class for further discussion. 

13.   Introduce students to the process of becoming a Canadian citizen. A good textual resource for this can be found in the Ontario Reader 1999 (p. 69-70). This information includes the steps needed in successfully becoming a Canadian citizen. Students may complete the comprehension and language exercises that follow, individually or in pairs, and then take up the work as a class.

14.   Students complete a pencil and paper multiple-choice test on the Multiculturalism Act, Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and citizenship.

Assessment/Evaluation

·         informal assessment of student participation in class activities and discussion

·         personal journal writing checklist (Appendix 6.3 - Formative Assessment for Personal Journal Writing)

·         peer-and-teacher evaluation of oral presentation (Appendix 4.2 - Oral Presentation-Peer Checklist)

·         summative assessment of pencil and paper test on Multiculturalism Act, Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and citizenship.

Resources

Print

Cameron, Judy and Tracey Derwing. Being Canadian: Language for Citizenship. Toronto: Prentice Hall Ginn, 1998.

Fowler, H.W., ed. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

Martin, Dave. Communicating Skills. Scarborough: Nelson, 1998.

Parnwell, E.C. The Canadian Oxford Picture Dictionary. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Zuern, Guenther. Ontario Reader 1999. Toronto: Maracle Press, 1999.

Internet

Canadian Charter Of Rights
http://www.pch.gc.ca

Canadian Multiculturalism Act
http://www.interlog.com/~vcc/CopyOfMCA.html

Citizen and Immigration Canada
http://cicnet.ci.gc.ca

Multiculturalism: Respect, Equality, Diversity
http:/www.pch.gc.ca/multi/html/framework.html

Multiculturalism: Respect, Equality, Diversity
http:/www.pch.gc.ca/multi/html/context.html

Accommodations

·         Students may choose to cut out pictures from magazines to complete the activity in which they illustrate examples of responsibilities that belong to Canadian citizens.

·         Present students experiencing difficulty with an oral test rather than a pencil and paper test.

Appendices

Appendix 6.3 - Formative Assessment Checklist - Personal Journal Writing

 

Activity 7:  Tour of Canada

 

Time:  375 minutes

Description

Canada is a vast nation that can be studied from many different perspectives. This activity offers students the opportunity to explore an aspect of Canada that is of some personal interest to them. Students are encouraged to work independently, and setting goals for themselves within the time frame of the activity, to submit a final product.  Language skills learned and developed within this activity include skimming and scanning for information from a variety of resources, identifying key words, making a request in the form of a letter, point-form note taking, and making oral presentations.

Strand(s) and Expectations

Ontario Catholic Student Graduate Expectations:  4e, 5g.

Strand(s):  Oral and Visual Communication, Reading, Writing, Social and Cultural Competence

Overall Expectations:  BORV.06; BREV.05; BWRV.01; BSCV.01.

Specific Expectations:  BOR2.02v, 4.01v; BRE3.01v, .04, .05, 4.01v; BWR1.01v, 2.02, .03; BSC2.01v.

Planning Notes

·         Select a broad range of resources such as computer software programs, Canadian magazines, texts and atlases, travel brochures and Internet sites for students to use throughout this activity.

·         Provide students with mailing and e-mailing addresses and/or telephone numbers of provincial tourism offices and information centres. (Many are provided in Adventure Canada.)

·         Provide supplies, such as Bristol board, markers, outline maps, etc.

·         Schedule time in the school resource centre and/or computer lab to accommodate students in their research.

Prior Knowledge Required

·         achievement of expectations at the ESLAO level, specifically basic map and atlas reading and searching for information using print and media resources

Teaching/Learning Strategies

1.       Remind students to continue their search for answers to the trivia questions for The Great Canadian Trivia Challenge, and state the final submission date.

2.       Discuss with students that Canada is a huge country that can be observed and studied from a variety of different perspectives. Students brainstorm the many ways we can "break down" Canada to get a more specific view of the country, (e.g., regions, zones, provinces/territories, etc.).

3.       Allow students to consider what they would like to learn about Canada based upon their own personal interests, (e.g., students who are artistic may wish to seek out sites that they would like to draw or paint; students who are animal lovers may wish to learn about certain wildlife habitats; students who are sports enthusiasts may wish to seek out the best skiing/snowboarding sites, etc.).

4.       Introduce the Tour of Canada Research Project (Appendix 4.4) and discuss specific expectations as outlined in the assignment guidelines.

5.       Throughout this activity, act as a resource to students by assisting/teaching students to do the following:

·         select interesting and appropriate resources;

·         plan their presentation in a visually pleasing manner;

·         request information from private and government sources by letter or e-mail;

·         conduct an Internet search;

·         organize research information in a logical fashion;

·         write simple caption notes stating three specific points of interest (facts) per site;

·         create an enlarged map of Canada using an overhead projection;

·         apply appropriate mapping skills to their final product;

·         seek out visuals and graphics that may enhance their work;

·         access specific tools and capabilities of computer programs such as research organizers, Internet links, pictures and graphics, virtual tours, audio and animation clips, etc.

6.       When the project is complete, students present their particular research topic to the class. Peers and teacher evaluate presentations. *Note: Be very flexible in setting final presentation and submission dates for this assignment to allow students time to receive information from outside sources.

7.       To conclude the entire activity, students and teachers take up The Great Canadian Trivia Challenge allowing students to add further trivia knowledge they learned throughout the unit, possibly leading to the production of a student-generated Trivia Challenge on Canada.

Assessment/Evaluation

·         summative assessment of final independent research project (Appendix 6.2)

·         peer-and-teacher evaluation of oral presentation (Appendix 4.2)

·         informal/anecdotal assessment of students time management and research process skills

·         mapping skills assessment checklist (Appendix 4.3)

Resources

Computer Reference Programs

Adventure Canada. Virtual Reality Systems, Inc. 1996.

Wide World of Animals. Creative Wonders Multimedia Corporation. 1995.

Canadian Encyclopedia. McClelland and Stewart, 1999.

Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe. Microsoft, 1999.

Print

Cartwright, Fraser, Gary Birchall, and Gerry Pierce. Contact Canada.Toronto: Oxford Press, 1996.

Massey, Don and Patricia N. Shields. Canada: Its Land and People. Edmonton: Reidmore Books Inc., 1995.

Information Booklets

Ontario Discovery Guide. Ontario Tourism: Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Tourism. 1999.

Similar Discover Guides from other provinces (addresses given in appendix of Adventure Canada)

Accommodations

·         This activity has built-in accommodations allowing students to work at their own pace and comfort level with computers and other resource materials on a topic of personal interest to them.

·         Encourage some students to create an additional video, travel brochure, or newspaper promotion/advertisement to accompany the project on their chosen tour.

·         Be more flexible in the final evaluation of the project for some students.

Appendices

Appendix 4.4 - Tour of Canada - Research Project

Appendix 4.5 - Tour of Canada - Research Project Topic Selections

Appendix 4.2 - Oral Presentation - Teacher/Peer Checklist Assessment

 

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